University of Zagreb
Faculty of Philosophy
Department of Linguistics

GRADUATE LINGUISTICS PROGRAMME

1. INTRODUCTION
a) Rationale for the Programme
All major universities in Europe have linguistics study programmes. These programmes are often divided into several specialisations; however, it seems that the most adequate solution for our situation is introducing individual specialisations only at the level of graduate programme. The following elements give rise to the need for such a programme:
•	aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the language phenomenon as a unique feature of the mankind
•	emerging awareness and needs for studying ethnic and cultural diversity of mankind of which languages of the world are integral part
•	development of computer and telecommunications technologies where natural language remains the fundamental code for communicating information
•	aiming for the application of linguistic findings in other socio-humanistic sciences (e.g. sociology, psychology, speech pathology, glottodidactics etc.)
•	development of findings concerning the functioning of the human mind and brain

b) The Proposers' Experience in Implementing Equivalent or Similar Programmes to Date
The Department of Linguistics (up to 1999 the Department of General Linguistics and Oriental Studies, and up to 1968 the Department of General Linguistics and Comparative Literature) of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb has run the General Linguistics Programme since the academic year 1968/69. Certain forms of courses included in the programme – namely Indo-European Comparative Grammar – have been taught at the University of Zagreb since the academic year 1874/75, and in 1908, the Chair of Indo-Germanic Comparative Philology was established.
d) The Programme Supports Student Mobility
The programme opens up many possibilities for cooperating with other departments in the organization of curriculum and classes. Student who have completed undergraduate programmes other than linguistics can also enrol in some of the specialisations of the graduate programme.
2. GENERAL SECTION
2.1. Programme Title 
The Linguistics Programme consisting of the Undergraduate Linguistics Programme and the Graduate Linguistics Programme.
2.2. Institution
Department of General Linguistics of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb
2.3. Duration of Programme
The Programme takes up a total of 10 semesters: 6 for undergraduate and 4 for graduate programme.
2.4. Entry Requirements
Secondary school completed and entry exam passed at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb and finished Undergraduate Linguistics Programme
2.6. Graduate Programme
The Graduate Linguistics Programme is designed as a series of specialisations with separate enrolment requirements and study programmes which, however, overlap at the level of elective subjects:
•	Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in General Linguistics
•	Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Comparative Linguistics
•	Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Computational Linguistics
•	Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Applied Linguistics
•	Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Cognitive Linguistics.

Specialisation in General Linguistics enables the students to gain insight into deeper knowledge of individual and collective acquisition of language competence and its use, of the way in which human linguistic practice works in a broader framework of communication and symbolic practice, and the ways in which linguistic utterances are analyzed from different aspects. The elective courses are offered in a broad range intended for individual expansion of the programme base, either from other linguistic domains or from complementary fields of humanities and social sciences. A student who acquires the academic title of MA of Linguistics, Specialisation in General Linguistics, is competent to work in linguistics-, philology and broader humanities-oriented scientific institutions, in mass media, in public presentation of enterprises and institutions (public relations), and on any job which requires formulating and/or providing critical analysis of linguistic utterances (propaganda work, social studies etc.)

Specialisation in Comparative Linguistics aims to educate expert linguists who will be able to independently undertake scientific study of languages and language families from a comparative viewpoint. The Specialisation is intended for students who had completed the three-year Linguistics Programme, but is also open to students of other programmes (e.g. classical philology, indology, Slavic philology) who are interested in comparative, historical and typological approach to language. Although the programme emphasises comparative grammar of Indo-European languages, it also enables the students to undertake an independent research of languages belonging to other families, as well as typological research. Students who complete the Specialisation in Comparative Linguistics will acquire the title of MA of Linguistics, Specialisation in Comparative Linguistics, and they will presumably be employed by institutions pursuing scientific research of languages.

Specialisation in computational linguistics offers the students a deeper insight into the field of computational linguistics, i.e. the use of computers in natural language processing. Its aim is to educate expert linguists who will be competent in the field of computational processing of language data, primarily for the needs of scientific research and educational institutions which pursue this type of studies/education, but  also for IT, lexicographical, journalistic, documentalist, archiving and library institutions and companies and other establishments in culture and science where the (computational) linguistic text processing is necessary.

Specialisation in Applied Linguistics enables the students to gain insight into deeper knowledge of the relationship between language and society, language and practice, language and mind, and language and individual and collective human psyche, and acquire research skills for recognising and evaluating different aspects of these relationships, as well as to independently develop communication skills based on the acquired knowledge. Elective courses are intended for individual expansion of complementary programme base, either from other fields of linguistics or from complementary fields of humanities and social sciences. A student who acquires the academic title of MA of Linguistics, Specialisation in General Linguistics, is competent to work in linguistics-, philology and broader humanities-oriented scientific institutions, in mass media, in public presentation of enterprises and institutions, governmental and political, as well as educational and health-care establishment.

Specialisation in Cognitive Linguistics allows the students to gain knowledge and competence in one of the fundamental contemporary linguistic orientations or linguistic theories which give an inclusive and all-encompassing description of the way in which language system and all its levels function, seeing it as an integral part of human knowledge or human cognitive abilities. Introducing the Graduate Programme in Cognitive Linguistics follows contemporary trends of university education in Europe and America. Elective courses offer knowledge in related disciplines which make up cognitive science and thus intertwine with cognitive linguistics, such as psychology, anthropology, artificial intelligence (information sciences) and philosophy, which provides insight into the way language works and into its place in human knowledge with (cognitive) linguistic courses as focal subjects. Students who complete this Specialisation can find employment in research institutes, humanities- and social sciences-oriented universities, marketing, PR etc.
2.8. Titles Awarded and Degrees Acquired upon Completion of the Programme
The academic title acquired by the student upon completion of the Undergraduate Linguistics Programme is baccalaureus linguisticae / BA of linguistics, or as stipulated by the Statute of the University of Zagreb.
The academic title acquired by the student upon completion of the Graduate Linguistics Programme is magister linguisticae / MA of linguistics with specification of the specialisation or as stipulated by the Statute of the University of Zagreb.

3. PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION
3.1. List of Compulsory/Elective Courses
All subjects are taught as one-semester courses except the common subject – foreign language, which is taught as a two-semester course. For the time being, all courses are to be taught in Croatian. All courses within this programme carry 5 points.
The Linguistics Programme includes two types of elective courses: internal, offered by the Department, and external, to be selected from the total range of courses offered at the Faculty/University.

3.1.2. Undergraduate and Graduate Linguistics Programmes: internal elective courses
L003: Algebraic Linguistics
L004: Applied Linguistics 
L201: Word Recognition
L202: History of Linguistic Theories
L211: Indo-European Morphology
L212: Indo-European Reading of Latin Texts
L213: Linguistic Propedeutics
L214: Linguistic Typology
L221: Artificial Languages
L222: Generative Grammar
L223: Corpus Linguistics
L231: Linguistics and its Dialects
L241: Cognitive Linguistics

L401: Indo-European Language Course
	L401a: Sanskrit Course 
	L401b: Greek Course 
	L401c: Latin Course 
	L401d: Old Church Slavonic Course 
	L401e: Lithuanian Course 
	L401f: Albanian Course
L402: Non-Indo-European Language Course
	L402a: Turkish Course 
	L402b: Hungarian Course 
	L402c: Japanese Course
	L402d: Chinese Course 
	L402e: Arabic Course
A certain number of field classes should be incorporated in the language courses.

3.1.3. Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in General Linguistics, compulsory courses
L301: Signs in Communication 
L302: Mental Lexicon
L303: Discourse Analysis
L304: Signs in Society

3.1.4. Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Comparative Linguistics, compulsory courses 
L311: Comparative Grammar of Indo-European Languages
L312: Introduction to the Indo-European Language
L313: Reading Old Irish Texts
L211: Indo-European Morphology
L212: Indo-European Reading of Latin Texts
L213: Linguistic Propedeutics
L214: Linguistic Typology
Over ten programme semesters, a total of 5 language courses, 3 of which are L401 and 2 L402.

3.1.5. Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Computational Linguistics, compulsory courses 
L321: Language Technologies
L322: Selected Chapters in Algebraic Linguistics
L323: Statistical Methods in Linguistics
L324: Translator and the Computer

3.1.6. Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Applied Linguistics, compulsory courses 
L331: Language in Public and Interpersonal Communication
L332: Language Development and Learning
L333: Language Disorders
L334: Semantics of Comprehension

3.1.7. Graduate Linguistics Programme, Specialisation in Cognitive Linguistics, compulsory courses 
L341: Cognitive Syntax and Semantics
L302: Mental Lexicon
L323: Statistical Methods in Linguistics
L344: Cognitive Models of Semantic Change

A comprehensive list of external elective courses of graduate courses will be drawn up after the complete range of courses offered by other programmes at the Faculty of Philosophy and/or University of Zagreb is known.

3.2. Individual Course Description

3.2.1. course
L003: Algebraic Linguistics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
written and oral 

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 2 hours seminars per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001

3.2.7. contents
The position of algebraic linguistics within linguistics. Logic: propositional algebra, logical proposition (simple and complex), notation, negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence, Sheffer operation, reduction of logical operations, Boolean functions; predicate logic, quantification; natural language and logic; logic as an artificial language. Set theory: concepts of set, subset, empty set; equivalence, intersection, union, subtraction, set complements, Cartesian product of sets. Relations and algebraic  structures: adjoining, order (strict and relaxed), ordered pair, relation, reflexivity, lattice, groupoid, monoid, semi-group, group, sorting order relations, numerical relations, mapping.

3.2.8. development of competences
The course provides introduction, preparation and basic information for the students regarding models and methods essential for understanding formal approaches in linguistics and linguistic theories.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Partee, B., Meulen, A. T., Wall, R. E. (1990) Mathematical Methods in Linguistics, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Zsigmond, H.; Mihály, S. (1976) Pristup modernoj algebri, Školska knjiga, Zagreb. 
Kalužnin, L. A. (1975) Što je matematička logika, Školska knjiga, Zagreb (chapters I and III) .
Kovač, Srećko (1994) Logika, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Zagreb.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
László Bulcsú: »Broj u jeziku«, Naše teme, 6/1959, Zagreb (pretisak u SOL 10/1990).

3.2.1. course
L004: Applied Linguistics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
written and oral 

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 2 hours seminars per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001

3.2.7. contents
Acquaintance with basic knowledge on relation between language and psychical processes, language and action, language and society, language and education i.e. basic concepts in psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, linguistic pragmatic and language teaching.

3.2.8. development of competences
Mastering of the key terms (like recognition, understanding, diglossy, language standardization, speech acts, conversational implicatures, phoneme acquistion, word acquisition…) and interdisciplinary approach to language research.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Garman, Michael (1991), Psycholinguistics, Cambridge: CUP.
Wardhaugh, Ronald (1996), An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Oxford: Blackwell.
Pupovac, Milorad, (1990), Jezik i djelovanje, Zagreb: Pitanja.
Ingram, David (1996). First Language Acquisition,  Cambridge: CUP.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (1994), Handbook of Psycolinguistics, San Diego: Academic Press.
Coulmas, Florian (2000), The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, Oxford: Blackwell.
Lewinson, Stephan (1984), Pragmatics, Cambridge: CUP.

3.2.1. course
L201: Word Recognition

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
written

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 1 hour seminar per week
Points will be given for students' active participation in class discussions, short papers written in class, homework, seminar paper and exam. 

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001

3.2.7. contents
Within this course which belongs to a broader area of language comprehension research, current models and methods of spoken and written word recognition will be covered, as well as recognition of isolated words and words in continuous speech and different effects which affect its successful recognition – usage frequency of a word, context, and meaning factors. In word recognition, different dimensions of a word, or representations of a word – its phonetic and phonological form and its    morphological features – will be analysed.

3.2.8. development of competences
Mastering the basic cognitivist-based theoretical apparatus in the area of scientific research of mental representation and word recognition and preparing the students to independently organize and conduct experimental research.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Erdeljac, V. (1997) Prepoznavanje riječi, SOL, Ibis, Zagreb
Gernsbacher, M.A. (1994). Handbook of Psycholinguistics. San Diego: Academic Press. 
Marslen Wilson, W. D. (2000) Organising principles in lexical access and representation? A view across languages , in: A. Cutler, J.M. McQueen & R. Zondervan (Eds), Proceedings of the Workshop on Spoken Word Access Processes 19-22, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Rodd, J. Gaskell, M.G., Marslen Wilson, W. D. (2000),  Why are words with many senses recognised faster?  International Journal of Psychology, 35, Jun/Aug 2000 (3-4), p27
Marslen-Wilson, W.D. (1987) Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition., Cognition, 25, 71-102.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Fitzpatrick, J. and Wheeldon, D. (2000). Phonology and Phonetics in Psycholinguistic Models of Speech Perception. In: Burton-Roberts, N., Carr, P., Docherty, G. (eds.). Phonological Models: Conceptional and Empirical Issues. Oxford University Press: 131-160.
Jörg Westmeyer Massaro, Dominic (1994). Psychological Aspects of Speech Perception. In: Gernsbacher, M.A., Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Academic Press. 
Klatt, D.-H. (1979). Speech perception: A model of acoustic-phonetic analysis and lexical access. Journal of Phonetics, 7, 279-312. 
Marslen-Wilson and Warren (1994). Levels of Perceptual Representation and Process in Lexical Access: Words, Phones and Features. Psychological Review, 101, 653-675.
Pisoni and Luce (1987). Acoustic-phonetic Representations in Word Recognition. Cognition, 25, 21-52. 
McGurk and MacDonald (1976). Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices. Nature, 264, 746-748.
Massaro and Cohen (1993). Perceiving asynchronous bimodal speech in consonant-vowel and vowel syllables. Speech Communication 13, 127-134.
Massaro, D.W. (2001) Auditory Visual Speech Processing, Proceedings of Eurospeech 2001, Aalborg, Denmark.
LeGoff, Guiard-Marigny, Benoit (1997). Analysis-Synthesis and Intelligibility of a Talking Face. In: van Santen et al. Progress in Speech Synthesis. Springer
Damper, R.I. and Harnard, S.I. (2000). Neural network models of categorical perception of speech. Perception and Psychophysics, 62(4), 843-867.
Massaro (1988). Some criticisms of connectionist models of human performance. Journal of Language and Memory, 27, 213-234
Barons (1992). A Review of the Cocktail Party Effect. Journal of the American Voice I/O Society 12, 35-50

3.2.1. course
L202: History of Linguistic Theories

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
oral

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 1 hour seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001

3.2.7. contents
Within the subject, students get an overview of how language was perceived from the Antiquity to the present day, and each course is dedicated to one of the stages in this perception. Within the Linguistic Structuralism course, the most significant structuralist theories, from de Saussure to Chomsky, are considered in a form of general overview, and particular attention is given to the context of the genesis of structuralism in linguistics and the advantages and limitations which this approach entails.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students, actively participating in the analysis of selected texts, gain elementary knowledge of fundamental linguistic theories and develop the ability to analyse their epistemological determinants and methodological consequences. At the same time, they become familiar with the terms characteristic of individual linguistic schools and doctrines.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Bugarski, R., Lingvistika o čoveku, Prosveta, Beograd, 1983.
Harris, R. & T.J. Taylor, Landmarks in Linguistic Thought, Routledge, London – New York, 1996.
Saussure, F. de, Cours de linguistique générale, Payot, Paris, 1916.
Swiggers, P., Histoire de la pensée linguistique, P.U.F., Paris, 1997.
Škiljan, D., Kraj lingvistike?, SOL – Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb, 1991.
Ivić, M., Pravci u lingvistici, Slovograf, Beograd, 1994.
Glovacki-Bernardi, Z. (ur.), Uvod u lingvistiku, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2001.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Aarsleff, H., From Locke to Saussure, Althone, London, 1982.
Auroux, S. (éd.), Histoire des idées linguistiques, I-III, Mardaga, Sprimont-Bruxelles, 1989-1995.
Robins, R.H., A Short History of Linguistics, Longman, London, 1979.
Sebeok, Th. (ed.), Historiography of Linguistics, I-II, Mouton, The Hague – Paris, 1975.
Škiljan, D., Dinamika jezičnih struktura, Studentski centar, Zagreb, 1976.

3.2.1. course
L211: Indo-European Morphology

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
written and oral 

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 1 hour practical classes per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L002

3.2.7. contents
Morphological correspondences of Indo-European languages and methods of reconstructing grammatical structure of the Indo-European proto-language are mastered through Indo-European analysis of the oldest Slavic documents, particularly Old Church Slavonic texts.

3.2.8. development of competences
Competences covered by the subject material of the course are developed in students.

3.2.9. assigned reading
R. Matasović, Kratka poredbenopovijesna gramatika latinskoga jezika, MH, Zagreb 1997.
S. Ivšić, Slavenska poredbena gramatika, MH, Zagreb 1970.
J. Hamm, Staroslavenska gramatika, ŠK, Zagreb 1970.
A. Savčenko, Poredbena indoeuropska gramatika (skripta), Knjižnica Odsjeka za lingvistiku
R. S. P. Beekes, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics, Benjamins, Amsterdam 1995.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
O. Szemerényi, Einführung in die vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1989.
Ranko Matasović: Kratka poredbenopovijesna gramatika hrvatskoga jezika (skripta), Knjižnica Odsjeka za lingvistiku
Milan Mihaljević, Slavenska poredbena gramatika, 1. dio, Uvod i fonologija, Školska knjiga, Zagreb 2002.

3.2.1. course
L212: Indo-European Reading of Latin Texts

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
seminar

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 1 hour practical classes per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L002

3.2.7. contents
Based on a comedy by Plautus (e.g. "The Little Carthaginian"), students are introduced to particular features of the Old Latin grammar, its differences with respect to Classical Latin, and the position of Latin among Indo-European languages. Philological processing of Plautus’s text is also an opportunity for cultural, historical and etymological analyses.

3.2.8. development of competences
Competences covered by the subject material of the course are developed in students..

3.2.9. assigned reading
R. Matasović, Kratka poredbenopovijesna gramatika latinskoga jezika, MH, Zagreb 1997.
Editions of Plautus's comedies available on the Internet (http://perseus.tufts.edu)

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Bennett, C. E. Syntax of Early Latin, Vol. II: the Cases, Boston 1914.
Blümel, W, Untersuchungen zu Lautsystem und Morphologie des vorklassischen Lateins, R. Kitzinger, München 1972.
Lindsay, W. M. Syntax of Plautus, Oxford 1907.
Lodge, G. Lexicon Plautinum, Teubner, Leipzig I: 1904-1924, II: 1296-1933.
Matasović, R. Kratka poredbenopovijesna gramatika latinskoga jezika, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb 1997.
Lefevre, E. (Hg.) Die römische Komödie: Plautus und Terenz, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstandt 1973.
Segal, E. Roman Laughter. The Comedy of Plautus, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1988. 

3.2.1. course
L213: Linguistic Propedeutics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written/oral exam
written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 hours lectures + 1 hour seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
none

3.2.7. contents
Students are introduced to the fundamental principles of genetic, areal and typological classification, and particular attention is given to grammatical categories characteristic of some languages which are not characteristic of Croatian, e.g. ergativity, classifiers, honorifics, different ways of expressing possession etc. In the second part of the course, students are introduced to the languages of the world, their geographical position, typological features and cultural and anthropological background.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students master basic information on language diversity around the world, geographical position of languages and fundamental typological features of individual language families.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Matasović, R. (2001) Uvod u poredbenu lingvistiku, Matica hrvatska.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Atlas jezika svijeta
Croft, W. (1990) Typology and Universals, CUP
Crystal, D. (2000) Language Death, CUP
Foley, W. (1997) Anthropological Linguistics, An introduction, Blackwell

3.2.1. course 
L214: Linguistic typology 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
elective course

3.2.6. prerequisites for enrolling in a course 
L001, L213, can be enrolled several times

3.2.7. contents
Each academic year one grammatical category or a typologicaly relevant distinction in languages of the world (e.g. categories of genus, number or case, sentence structure, arrangement of syntactic categories etc.) will be discussed.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students will develop competences based on the course programme 

3.2.9. assigned reading 
R. Matasović, Uvod u poredbenu lingvistiku, MH, Zagreb 2001.

3.2.10. suplementary reading
B. Comrie, Language Universals and Linguistic Typology, CUP, Cambridge 1995.
T. Shopen (ur.) Language typology and Syntactic Description, CUP, Cambridge 1991.

3.2.1. course
L221: Artificial languages

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. writen / oral exam
seminar and written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001, L003

3.2.7. contents
The notion of language. The difference between natural and artificial languages. Procedural languages and mark-up languages. Introduction to PERL,  SGML, HTML, XML. Formal langauages and formal grammars. Chomsky's hierarchy. Regular, context-free and context-sensitive grammars. Finite state automata, transducers. Local grammars. Transducer based systems for natural language processing: INTEX and UNITEX.

3.2.8. development of competences
The course is an introduction to artificial languages, formal grammars and their application to natural language description based on systems for its computational modelling.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Christiansen, T. & Torkington, N. (22003) Perl cookbook. O'Reilly.
Dovedan, Z. (2003) Formalni jezici, Zavod za informacijske studije, Zagreb.
Partee, B., Meulen, A. T., Wall, R. E. (1990) Mathematical Methods in Linguistics, Kluwer, Dordrecht. (odabrana poglavlja)
Szilberstein, M. (2003) INTEX manual, Sveučilište u Aix-en-Provençeu.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
László Bulcsú: Pabirci redničnoga i obavjestničkoga pojmovlja oko razumnih sustava
Tkalac, Slavko & Tuđman, Miroslav: Obrada jezika i prikaz znanja, Zavod za informacijske studije, Zagreb 1993.

3.2.1. course
L222: Generative grammar

3.2.2. ECTS points per course 
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001, L003

3.2.7. contents
Specific linguistic levels and algebraic linguistics: phonology, morphology, morph-fonological and morphological issues, morphological descriptions based on models of algebraic linguistics; syntax, history and schools in the generative approach, minimalism, phonetic and logical form, application of formal methods to description of Croatian.

3.2.8. development of competences
An overview of formalizations from Panini and Aristotle to present times. Introduction to basic concepts and procedures of formal linguistic theories (especially those of generative grammar). 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Chomsky, N.: The Minimalist Program, MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1995.
Freidin, R.: Foundations of Generative Syntax, MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1992.
Golden, M.: O jeziku in jezikoslovju, Filozofska fakulteta, Ljubljana 1996.
Mihaljević, M.: Generativna sintaksa i semantika, HFD, Zagreb 1998.
Mihaljević, M.: Generativna i leksička fonologija, Školska knjiga, Zagreb 1991.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Mihaljević, M.: Generativna fonologija starocrkvenoslavenskoga jezika, SOL, Zagreb 1990.

3.2.1. course
L223: Corpus linguistics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
seminar and written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory/elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001, L003

3.2.7. contents
The definition of corpus, the role of corpora in the study of language, computer-supported corpus, history of corpus studies in Croatia and world-wide, procedures in corpus compilation, procedures in corpus processing (mark-up, statistical approaches), alphabetical and frequency dictionaries, concordances, practial work in corpus query: Croatian National Corpus and other (national) corpora.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students are introduced to corpus linguuistics. Students acquire theoretical knowledge of the role of corpora have present language / text studies and practical knowledge of corpus compilation, processing and searching.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Biber, D. (1998) Corpus Linguistics: Investigate Langauge Structure and Use, CUP, Cambridge.
Kennedy, G.: Introduction to Corpus Linguistics, Longman, London 1998.
McEnery, T. & Wilson, A. Corpus linguistics, Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh 1996, 2001
Sinclair, J.: Corpus, concordance, collocation, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991.
Tadić, M.: »Računalna obradba hrvatskih korpusa: povijest, stanje i perspektive«, Suvremena lingvistika 43 44, 1997.
Tadić, M.: Jezične tehnologije, Exlibris, Zagreb 2003.
Tognini-Bonelli, E.: Corpus Linguistics at Work, Benjamins, Amsterdam 2001.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Bratanić, M.: »Korpusna lingvistika ili sretan susret«, Radovi Zavoda za slavensku filologiju 27, 1991.
Ooi, B. Y. (1998) Computer Corpus Lexicography, EUP. (odabrana poglavlja)
Tadić, M.: »Od korpusa do čestotnoga rječnika hrvatskoga književnog jezika«, Radovi Zavoda za slavensku filologiju, 27, 1991.
Tadić, M.: »Računalna obradba hrvatskoga i nacionalni korpus«, Suvremena lingvistika 41-42, 1996.
Tadić, M.: »Raspon, opseg i sastav korpusa hrvatskoga jezika«, Filologija 30-31, Zagreb 1998.

3.2.1. course
L231: Linguistics and its dialects

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L004

3.2.7. contents
An overview of specific dialectization of linguistics, i.e. knowledge of the language that are not represented by the unique "dialect" of the science of the language. On the basis of selected texts the course will outline the development of different linguistic disciplines and their main representatives that are in opposition to structural linguistics, from sociolinguistics to cognitive linguistics. The course "Language in the social context" gives the outline of basic theories of mutual determination of language and society: e.g. Ferguson's diglossia, Gumperz's speech community, Hymes's ethnography of communication, Labov's social determination of language changes, Bernstein's theory of language codes ot Kloss's theory of language planning. 

3.2.8. development of competences
Introduction to dominant theories of the relation between language and society and development of competences for active understanding and explanation of sociological phenomena in language and language phenomena in society.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Škiljan, Dubravko (1991), Kraj lingvistike?, Zagreb: SOL -  Filozofski fakultet.
Coulmas, Florian (2000), The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, Oxford: Blackwell.
Radovanović, Milorad (?), Sociolingvistika, Novi Sad: Dnevnik.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Ferguson, Charles A. (1959), Diglossia. Word, 15, 325-40. 
Kloss, Heinz (1967), „Abstand Languages“ and „Ausbau Languages“.Anthropological Linguistics, 9, 7, 29-41.
Gumperz, J. (1968), The Speech Community, International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences 381-6. London: Macmillan.
Hajmz, Del (Hymes, Dell) (1980), Etnografija komunikacije, Beograd: XX vek.
Bernštajn, Bejzil (Bernstein, Basil) (?), Jezik i društvene klase, Beograd: XX vek.

3.2.1. course
L241: Cognitive linguistics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L001

3.2.7. contents
Position of cognitive linguistics in the frame of cognitive science. The course gives an overview of different aspects of human cognitive abilities where language is seen as a specific human ability used for study of human language structures and for comprehension of the world. Position of cognitive linguistics in respect to traditional linguistics and its predecessors is outlined (American linguistics, European structuralism).

3.2.8. development of competences
Development and acquirement of basic knowledge from cognitive linguistics.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Gardner, H. (1987) The Mind's New Science, A History of the Cognitive Revolution, Basic Books.
Lakoff, G. (1987) Women, Fire and Dangerous Things, What Categories Reveal about the Mind, Chicago University Press.
Langacker, R. (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Vol. I, Standford University Press.
Taylor, J. R. (2003) Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Jansen, T – Redeker, G. (1999) Cognitive Linguistics: Foundation, Scope and Methodology, Mouton de Gruyter
Rudzka-Ostyn, B (ur.) (1988) Topics in Cognitive Linguistics, John Benjamins
Varela, F.J. – Thompson, E. – Rosch E. (1993) The Embodied Mind, MIT Press
Taylor J. R. (1995) Linguistic Categorization – Prototypes in Linguistic Theory, Clarendon Press, Oxford

3.2.1. course
L301: Signs in communication

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in general linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
requirements for Specialization in general linguistics, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
Students will acquire basic concepts of semiology. Special attention is given to the analysis of communicational aspects of verbal and non-verbal sign usage in human societies. Special attention is also given to the relationship between language and other sign systems and the role of communication in the constructin of collective.

3.2.8. development of competences
Acquirement of basic concepts of semiology and introduction to practical investigation of communicational aspects of verbal and non-verbal codes and messages. 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Baylon, Ch. & X. Mignot, La Communication, Nathan, Monpelier, 1999.
Eco, U., Theory of Semiotics, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1976.
Johansen, J.D. & S.E. Larsen, Uvod u semiotiku, Croatia Liber, Zagreb, 2000.
Morris, Ch., Osnove teorije o znacima, BIGZ, Beograd, 1975.
Škiljan, D., Osnove semiologije komunikacije, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 1979.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Benoit, D. (éd.), Introduction aux sciences de l'information et de la communication, Éd. d'Organisation, Paris, 1995.
Bourdieu, P. , Ce que parler veut dire, Fayard, Paris, 1982.
Ducrot, O., Logique, Structure, Énonciation, Minuit, Paris, 1989.
Gates, B., The Road Ahead, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1995.
Guédon, J.-C., La Planète cyber-Internet et cyberspace, Gallimard, Paris, 1997.
Habermas, J., Theorie des kommunikativen Handeln, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, 1981.
Laver, J. & S. Hutcheson (eds.), Communication in Face to Face Interaction, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1972.
McLuhan, M., The Gutenberg Galaxy, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1962.
Putnam, H., Representation and Reality, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, 1988.
Shannon, C.E. & W. Weawer, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1949.
Wolton, D., Penser la communication, Flammarion, Paris, 1997.

3.2.1. course
L302: Mental lexicon

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 
Students will receive points for their contribution and activity during lectures and seminar; short essays during classes; seminar and, finally, exam.

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in general linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
requirements for Specialization in general linguistics, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
The course explores theoretical and practical aspects of mental lexicon, from the cognitive point of view observed as a system for storing lexical information. Data obtained from different sources and through different psycholinguistic methods and experiments (e.g. speech errors, speech pathology, first and second language acquisition) will be used for shaping and completion of the model of mental lexicon 

3.2.8. development of competences
Student will acquire theoretical notions that serve as a basis for the research of mental lexicon and become capable of organizing and conducting concrete research work. 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Aitchison, J. (1994) Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Oxford: Basil Blackwell
W.J.M. Levelt (1998) – Speaking. From Intension to Articulation. MIT Press.
Radford, Andrew et al. (1999) Linguistics: An introduction. Cambridge: CUP
Fromkin, V. (1973). (ur.) Speech errors as linguistic evidence. The Hague: Mouton.
Fromkin, V. (1980).  (ur.) Errors in linguistic performance. Slips of the tongue, ear, pen, and hand. New York: Academic Press.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Dijkstra, T., Kempen, G. (1993). Einführung in die Psycholinguistik. Hans Huber: Göttingen. 
Miller, G.A. (1991). Wörter. Berlin: Spektrum. 
Marslen-Wilson, W.D. (1991)  The mental lexicon in language processing. Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press 
Lahiri, A., & Marslen-Wilson, W.D. (1991) The mental representation of lexical form: A phonological approach to the mental lexicon. Cognition, 38, 245-294. 
Marslen-Wilson, W.D. (1999) Abstractness and combination: The morphemic lexicon. In S. Garrod & M. Pickering (Eds), Language Processing, pp 101 - 119. Psychology Press.
Pabst-Weinschenk, M. (1995). Reden im Studium: Ein Trainingsprogramm. Frankfurt am Main: Cornelsen. 
Stary, J. & Kretschmer, H. (1994). Umgang mit wissenschaftlicher Literatur. Frankfurt am Main: Cornelsen.

3.2.1. course
L303: Discourse analysis

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in general linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
Rrquirements for Specialization in general linguistics, L202 for other linguistics graduate specializations, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
The course outlnes basic concepts of discourse analysis and language performance in the context of other socially relevant areas of human performance. Selected relevant linguistic texts and their epistemological and ideological features will be analyzed through methods of discourse analysis.

3.2.8. development of competences
Acquirement of theory and methodology of critical discourse analysis and development of abilities for different types of research and construction of language utterances. 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Beaugrande, R, de & Dressler, W.U., Introduction to Text Linguistics, Longman, London, 1981.
Fairclough, N.L., Critical Discourse Analysis, Longman, London, 1995.
van Dijk, T. (ed.), Discourse Studies, 1-2, Sage, London – Thousand Oaks – New Dehli, 1997.
van Dijk, T. (ed.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 1-4, Academic Press, London, 1985.
Velčić, M., Uvod u lingvistiku teksta, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1987.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Beaugrande, R. de, Text, Discourse and Process, Ablex, Norwood, 1980.
Brown, G. & G. Yule, Discourse Analysis, C.U.P., London, 1983.
Dressler, W., Einführung in die Textlinguistik, Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1972.
Grimes, J. (ed.), Papers on Discourse, S.I.L., Arlington, 1978.
Harris, Z.S., Methods in Structural Linguistics, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1951.
Macdonnell, D., Theories of Discourse, Blackwell, Oxford, 1986.
Renkema, J., Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook, Benjamins, Amsterdam, 1993.
Schiffrin, D., Approaches to Discourse, Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.

3.2.1. course
L304: Signs in the society

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in general linguistics

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L301

3.2.7. contents
The course is connected to the first semiological course. The course aims at presentation of basic concepts and problems of semiology of meaning, especially at the symbolic dimension of sign systems and their role in the shaping of individual and collective identities. The course deals with several relevant theories of symbols developed within or outside the domain of semiology  (psychology, sociology, anthropology etc.)

3.2.8. development of competences
Acquirement of elements of semiological analysis of symbolic dimension of sign systems and their usage mad comparison and correlation of language and non-language symbols in different sociological and historical contexts. 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Barthes, R., Književnost, mitologija, semiologija, Nolit, Beograd, 1971.
Beker, M., Semiotika književnosti, Zavod za znanost o književnosti, Zagreb, 1991. 
Ivić, I., Čovek kao animal symbolicum, Nolit, Beograd, 1978.
Nöth, W., Priručnik semiotike, Ceres, Zagreb, 2004.
Škiljan, D., U pozadini znaka, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1985.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Baudrillard, J., Symbolic Exchange and Death, Sage, London, 1993.
Greimas, A.J., Sémiotique et sciences sociales, Seuil, Paris, 1976.
Halton, E., Meaning and Modernity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1986.
Kristeva, J. (éd.), La traversée des signes, Seuil, Paris, 1975.
Marković, M., Dijalektička teorija značenja, Nolit, Beograd, 1971.
Merleau-Ponty, M., Signes, Gallimard, Paris, 1960.
Miščević, N., Filozofija jezika, Naprijed, Zagreb, 1981.
Ogden, C.K. & I.A. Richards, The Meaning fo Meaning, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1923.
Rossi-Landi, F., Semiotica e ideologia, Bompiani, Milano, 1972.
Schaff, A., Wstęp do semantyki, Państwowe wydawnictwo naukowe, Warszawa, 1960.
Todorov, Tz., Littérature et signification, Larousse, Paris, 1967.

3.2.1. course
L311: Comparative grammar of Indo-European languages

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
seminar paper and written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in comparative linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L002, L211

3.2.7. contents
The course within this specialization will differ in its contents each year, which enables students to acquire knowledge of basic problems of different branches of comparative grammar of Indo-European languages. Following subjects will be discussed: "Comparative grammar of Celtic languages", "Introduction to Anatolian languages" and "Introduction to Mycenaean Greek". All courses are marked as L311 and same requirements for enrolling are valid for all of them. The course can be enrolled several times during the study. Within the subject "Comparative grammar of Celtic languages" students are introduced to philological and linguistic problems of the Middle-Welsh language and its position in the Celtic branch of Indo-European family through the process of translation of the story "Pwyll Pendeuic Dyvet".

3.2.8. development of competences
Student develop competences based on the programme of the course.

3.2.9. assigned reading
R. Matasović, Kratki pregled gramatike srednjovelškoga, skripta (http://deenes.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/velski.html)
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyvet, ed. by R. L. Thomson, DIAS, Dublin 1957.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements

3.2.1.course 
L312: Introduction to Indo-European 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
seminars 

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 practical classes 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in comparative linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L002

3.2.7. contents
In the course "Introduction to Old-Irish" students acquire basic knowledge of the Old-Irish grammar 

3.2.8. development of competences
Students become capable of reading less complicated texts

3.2.9. assigned reading
R. Matasović, Kratka gramatika staroirskoga jezika (skripta): http://deenes.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/irskripta.pdf

3.2.10. supplementary reading
R. Matasović, Kamen kraljeva, srednjevjekovne irske sage, Exlibris, Zagreb 2004.
R. Thurneysen, A Grammar of Old Irish, DIAS, Dublin 1946.

3.2.1. course
L313: Reading of Old-Irish texts 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in comparative linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L312

3.2.7. contents

Each year one Old-Irish medieval text in prose (saga) will be translated.

3.2.8. development of competences

Student become capable of translating Old-Irish texts.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Ranko Matasović, Kamen kraljeva. Srednjovjekovne irske sage, Ex libris, Zagreb 2004.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements.

3.2.1. course
L321: Language technologies

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in computational linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in computational linguistics, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
The difference between computational linguistics and natural language processing. Technology and language technologies (LT). Industrialization of language, development of literacy and (tele)communications. Division of LT: language resources, language tools, commercial products. Development of  LT for particular languages. Examples of usage of LT: document retrieving, information extraction, named entity recognition…LT for Croatian: development, projects, perspectives. LT resources, corpora, dictionaries. LT tools on different linguistic levels. phonological (n-grams, characters), morphological (generators, analyzers, lemmatizers, mark-up tools) syntactic (shallow, deep, robust parsers, chunkers, generative and dependency tree banks), semantic (FrameNet  and WordNet). Commercial products: dictionaries, checkers (spelling, grammar, style), speech to text systems, machine (aided) translation (M(A)T) and computer assisted language learning (CALL). 

3.2.8. development of competences
Students will become capable of using language resources and tools as well as commercial products from the area of language technologies.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Fellbaum, C. (ur.) (1998) Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.
Hausser, R. R. (2001) Foundations of Computational Linguistics: Human-Computer Communication in Natural Language. Springer Verlag.
Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J. H. (2000) Speech and Language Processing. An Introduction to Natural Language Processing. Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition. Prentice Hall.
Mitkov, R. (ur.)  (2003) The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics, OUP, Oxford.
Tadić, M.(2003) Jezične tehnologije i hrvatski jezik, Exlibris, Zagreb.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Tadić, M. (1992) Problemi računalne obrade imeničnih oblika u hrvatskome. Suvremena lingvistika 34, str. 301-308.
Tadić, M. (2003) Building the Croatian Morphological Lexicon. Proceedings of the EACL2003 Workshop on Morphological Processing of Slavic Languages, ACL, str. 41-46.
Selected papers in respect to seminar requirements

3.2.1. course
L323: Selected chapters in algebraic linguistics 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
seminar

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in computational linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in computational linguistics, L321,no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
The course is divided into two parts, each of them to be taught every second semester.
Chapters from Balto-Slavic linguistics: distinctive features of Indo-European languages, orthographic differences, phonemic systems, accentual contrastive approaches, comparation of Sanskrit, Greek, Latin and Germanic with Baltic and Slavic declension, verbal systems, similarities and differences in syntax.
Chapters from Serbian and Bosnian: translation differences, the concept of markedness, markednes of jat, marking of the accents, long-rising accent, different positions of stress, non-initial stress, adjectival stress, verbal accent, orthography, declensional markedness, nominal derivation, non-nominal declension and adverbs, verbs, loan-words, syntax.

3.2.8. development of competences
The students are getting acquainted with basic knowledge of Balto-Slavic languages as well as western branch of South-Slavic languages through the perspective of algebraic linguistics and theory of systems.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Endzelin, J. Lettisches Lesebuch, Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1922.
Otrbbski, J. Gramayka języka litewskiego, Paystwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Varšava 1956.
Comrie, B. (ur.) The Slavonic Languages, Greville G. Corbett, London-New York 1993.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Krmpotić, M. Jezični priručnik, HRT, Zagreb 1992.

3.2.1. course
L324: Statistical methods in linguistics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
seminar papers and written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures per week  + 2 practical classes 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in computational linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L322, L223 for other linguistics graduate specializations, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
General statistics (basic concepts, descriptive statistics, probability, statistical significance verification), information theory, entropy, Zipf's laws (frequency, rank), Bayes's rules, n-grams and n-gram based language models, hidden Markov's models, Viterbi's algorithm, (sentence and word) alignement 

3.2.8. development of competences
Students are introduced to one of the relevant empirical approach to language processing – statistical. 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Kern, B. & Samuelsson, C. (1994) The Linguist’s Guide to Statistics, Sveučilište u Saarbrückenu.
Manning, C. & Schütze, H. (1999) Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge MA
Abney, S. (1996) Statistical Methods and Linguistics u: Klavans, J. & Resnik, P. (ur.) The Balancing Act,  MIT Press.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Brew, C. & Moens, M. (1999) Data-intensive linguistics, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Goldsmith, J. (2001) Probability for Linguist, Sveučilište u Chicagu. 

3.2.1. course
L325: Translator and computer

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in computational linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L321

3.2.7. contents
Application of computational linguistics resources and tools to the process of translation. In the area of language resources the course deals with electronically stored and searchable dictionaries and lexical databases that facilitate the process of translation and electronically stored and searchable corpora that enable the insight into the language usage when it is not possible to this goal by means of dictionaries. Special attention will be given to parallel corpora and its usage, which in its results in translation al memory. The usage of parallel corpora for development of statistical and example based machine translation will be explored. In the area of language tools, the course deals with systems for named entity and term extraction as well with systems for machine aided translation (the most wide used system Trados). A part of the course deals with systems for machine translation (at least one commercial system for machine translation is explored). 

3.2.8. development of competences
Students acquire knowledge of computational linguistics and its application to the process of translation. Special attention is given to language resources and language tools, and their practical application.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Arnold et al. (2002), Machine Translation: an Introductory Guide, (http://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/clmt/MTbook/).
Atkins, B. T. S.–Zampolli, A. (eds.) (1994) Automating the Lexicon, Oxford University Press. (odabrani članci)
EAMT (European Association for Machine Translation) Archive, (http://www.eamt.org/archive)
Hutchins, John W. (ed.) (2000) Early Years of Machine Translation, EUP. (za povijesni pregled polaznih propusta u MT-u)
McEnery, Tony & Wilson, Andrew (2001) Corpus Linguistics, EUP. (odabrana poglavlja)
Sager, Juan C. (2000) Language Engineering and Translation, Benjamins.
Tadić, Marko (2003) Jezične tehnologije i hrvatski jezik, Exlibris, Zagreb.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Ooi, B. Y. (1998) Computer Corpus Lexicography, EUP. (odabrana poglavlja)
Sager, Juan C. (1996) A Practical Course in Terminology Processing, Benjamins.

3.2.1. course
L331: Language in public and interpersonal communication

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in applied linguistics

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in applied linguistics, L004 for other linguistics graduate specializations, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
Students acquire knowledge of lingusitcs and related disciplines on language features of public and interpersonal communication. Each course deals with a particular aspect of public and interpersonal communication. The course "Monologic and dialogic communication" deals with differences between public and interpersonal communication on the basis of monologic and dialogic communication.

3.2.8. development of competences
On the basis of selected theoretical texts and concrete examples of monologic and dialogic communication students will develop competences of independent understanding of these communication types.

3.2.9. assigned reading
MacLuhan, Marshall Herbert (1962),  Gutenberg Galax:The Making of Typographic Man, Toronto: UTP. 
Castells, Manuel (2003), Internet galaksija,), Zagreb: Naklada Jesenski & Turk. 
Škiljan, Dubravko (2000), Javni jezik, Zagreb: AB.
Pupovac, Milorad (19), Politička komunikacija, Zagreb: August Cesarec.
Leech, Geoffrey (1999), Principles of Pragmatics, London: Longman.
Burke, Peter (1993), The Art of Conversation , Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Laver, John, Hutscheson, Sandy (1972), Communication in Face to Face Interaction, London: Pinguin.
Crystal, David (2001), Language and Internet, Cambridge: CUP.
Ong, Walter (1991), Orality and Literacy, London: Routledge.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements.

3.2.1. course
L332:Language development and learning 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of  lectures + 1 class of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in applied linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in applied linguistics, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
The course is an introduction to complex area of language development and learning at various age based on examples of different language aspects (from phonology to pragmatics). The course gives an overview of how first words are formed, first vocabulary and how it becomes bigger and more extensive.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students acquire basic knowledge of psycholinguistics and related disciplines and become capable of practical understanding of the process of language learning.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Brown, Robert (1973), A First Language: the Early Satges, Cambridge, Mass: HUP.
Ingram, David (1996), First Language Acquisition, Cambridge: CUP.
Piaget, Jean (1955), The Language and Thought of the child, Clevlend, Ill: UCP.
Vygotskij, Lav (1962), Thought nad Language, Cambridge: MIT.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements.

3.2.1. course
L333: Language disorders

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in applied linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in applied linguistics, no requirements for elective course

3.2.7. contents
The course gives an overview of different types of language disorders, from aphasia to stammering, and their causes and manifestations. , Besides, this kind of knowledge widens the perception of the phenomenon of language. The course on aphasia gives an overview of different kinds of aphasia, of the possibilities for their assessment and of their relevance for study of different aspects of language (e.g. understanding, naming, generation of parts or whole sentences).

3.2.8. development of competences
Student acquire knowledge of theoretical concepts and practical application in the area of linguistics, neurolinguistics and cognitive linguistics. Acquirement of techniques for recognition and assessment 
of different language disorders.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Obler, Loraine K. & Gjerlow, Kris (1999), Language and Brain, Cambridge: CUP.
Caplan, David (1987), Neurolingustics and Linguistic Aphasiology: An Introduction, Cambridge: CUP.
Luria, Lubinski, R. and alt. (1991), Demantia and Communication, Philadelphia: B. C. Decker.
Rayner, K. & Pollatsek A.(1989), The Psychology of Reading, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements.

3.2.1. course
L334: Semantics of understanding

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
1 class of lectures + 2 classes of seminar per week 

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in applied linguistics

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
L331

3.2.7. contents
Students acquire knowledge of different mechanisms (semantic or pragmatic) that enable the understanding of language messages. An overview of classic and modern theories of direct and indirect, literal and figurative communication.

3.2.8. development of competences
The course "Conversational implicatures" gives an overview of the differences between what has been said and what has been meant i.e. between  intentionally conditioned speech and contextually conditioned understanding and develops students' competences of practical analysis of different conversational implicatures.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Saeed, John (1997), Semantics, Oxford: Blackwell.
May, Jacob (2001), Pragmatics, Oxford: Blackwell.
Greene, Judith (1986), Language Understanding: a Cognitive Approach, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Grice, Paul (1975), Logic and Conversation, in Peter Cole &Jerrry Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics. Vol. 3: Speech Acts, New York: Academic Press. 
Oh, C-K. & Dinneen, D.A. (eds.) (1979), Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition, New York: Academic Press.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements.

3.2.1. course
L341: Cognitive syntax and semantics

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
seminar

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in cognitive linguistics, elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in cognitive linguistics 

3.2.7. contents
The correlation of syntax and semantics is one of the key principles of cognitive linguistics when dealing with language structures. Meaning in cognitive linguistics has the most prominent place due to its nature. A special attention is given to some areas of cognitive linguistics e.g. encyclopedic nature of meaning  (domains, scenes and frames), categories, the relationship between lexical and conceptual structures, representational schemes, polysemy, metaphor, metonymy. The course also deals with the influence of syntactic structures on semantic structures i.e. their reflection on different aspects of conceptual structures.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students develop competences based on the course subjects

3.2.9. assigned reading
Albertazzi, L (ur.) (2000) Meaning and Cognition, John Benjamins 
Fillmore, Ch. (1977) Scenes-and-frames Semantics, (u) Zampolli, A. (ur.) Linguistic Structures Processing, (55-81)
Lakoff, G. (1987)	Women, Fire and Dangerous Things, What Categories Reveal about the Mind, Chicago University Press
Langacker, R. (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Vol. I, Standford University Press
Langacker, R. (2000) Grammar and Conceptualization, Mouton de Gruyter 
Talmy,  L (2000) Towards a Cognitive Semantics, Vol I-II, MIT Press

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Books and papers from different areas of cognitive syntax and semantics in respect of students' seminars

3.2.1. course
L344: Cognitive models of  semantic changes

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 1 class of seminar

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
compulsory course for Specialization in cognitive linguistics

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
general requirements for Specialization in cognitive linguistics, L341, L302, L324

3.2.7. contents
The correlation of stability and dynamics of human knowledge structures is one of the key questions of cognitive linguistics. The course deals with the structure and the change of human knowledge structures and their reflection into language features (grammaticalization and polisemy) that most prominently prove that language features constantly change. They also show that diachronic and synchronic perspectives are overlapping- Special attention is given to some basic mechanisms of semantic shifts e.g. generalization, specification. metaphorisation metonymysation., 

3.2.8. development of competences
Students develop competences based on the course subjects.

3.2.9. assigned reading
Blank, A. – Koch, P.  (ur.) (1999) Historical Semantics and Cognition, Mouton de Gruyter
Eckard, R. – Heusinger von K. – Schwarze C. (ur.) (2003) Words in Time, Diachronic Semantics from Different Points of View, Mouton de Gruyter 
Geeraerts, D. (1997) Diachronic Prototype Semantics, A Contribution to Historical Lexicology, Clerendon Press

3.2.10. supplementary reading
Closs Traugott, E. – Dasher R. B. (ur.) (2004) Regularity in Semantic Change, Cambridge
Nerlich, B. – Todd, Z. (i dr.ur.) (2003) Polysemy, Flexible patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language, Mouton de Gruyter
Sweetser, E. (1990) From Etymology to Pragmatics, Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure, Cambridge
Selected papers in respect of with particular course subjects.

3.2.1. course
L401e: The course of Lithuanian 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written and oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 2 language classes

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
none

3.2.7. contents
Lithuanian spelling, grammar, lexicon

3.2.8. development of competences
Students acquire basic knowledge of the Lithuanian grammar as a basis for reading Lithuanian texts
3.2.9. assigned reading
Lietuviu kalba, Vilnius 1995.

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements

3.2.1. course
L402b: The course of Hungarian 

3.2.2. ECTS points per course
5 points

3.2.3. written / oral exam
written and oral exam

3.2.4. number and type of classes per week
2 classes of lectures + 2 language classes

3.2.5. compulsory / elective course
elective course

3.2.6. requirements for enrolling in the course
none

3.2.7. contents
Hungarian spelling, grammar, lexicon.

3.2.8. development of competences
Students acquire basic knowledge of the Hungarian grammar as a basis for reading Hungarian texts. 

3.2.9. assigned reading
Hungarian grammar and dictionary

3.2.10. supplementary reading
In accordance with seminar requirements