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se contulit proponens omnia, que archiepiscopus fraudulenter egerat contra eum. Tunc beatus Gregorius iterato scripsit Natali, ut Honoratum in honore pristino restitueret et nichilominus pro his, que insinuatio proclamabat infamie contra eum, ad sedem apostolicam accederet responsurus. Sed Natalis papalia mandata contempnens, utpote male conscius, in sue mentis peruersitate contumaciter persistebat. Dolens ergo beatus Gregorius de tanta obstinatione pontificis compatiens etiam tot erumnis archidiaconi quendam subdiaconum suum nomine Antonium Salonam direxit. Qui auctoritate fultus apostolica

facili consilio ageretur: Tu autem receptis nostris apicibus ad archiepiscopum et regem et ad ceteros prelatos illius prouincie perfer, ut duo episcopi pro his negotiis ad nos accedant, quia te, utpote ignotum, super his exaudire minime possumus. 10Malignus ergo presbiter papalia scripta non quibus missa erant detulit, sed ad Gothos, qui eum miserant, reuerti otius properauit. Tunc percontantibus eum, quid de suis petitionibus apud sedem apostolicam actum esset, respondit dicens: Ecce per Dei gratiam, quicquid uoluistis a domino papa impetraui, nam ecclesie

Spalatensem archiepiscopum sustinere fecit, debitam ei subtrahendo obedientiam et sibi ius metropolicum indebite uendicando. 15Interea uenerabilis Girardus legatus, Spalati positus, inuenit ibi supra memoratum Vlfum presbiterum, cui Golfancus agnomen erat, ab annis iam duodecim papali iussu grauissimis compedibus alligatum propter scismatis nefarium scelus, quod cum Cededa exercuerat in regionibus Dalmatie atque Chroatie. Hunc ergo fecit absolui dicens, quia dominus Alexander, felicis memorie, in suo decessu precepit uniuersos suo iussu incarceratos absolui. Prius tamen

tempore Spalatenses et tota pene Dalmatia subiecerunt se Constantinopolitano imperio. Quam ob rem Spalatini ciues ceperunt rogare Girardum archiepiscopum, ut ad urbem regiam proficiscens fidem pro se et pro ciuibus imperatorie celsitudini iureiurando firmaret. Sed cum nollet acquiescere propter papale mandatum ciuesque instando quasi uim facerent, uenerabilis Girardus ad Alexandrum papam se contulit, petens ab eo consilium, quid super facto huiusmodi sibi foret agendum. Dominus uero papa ipsius indebite molestationi compatiens, prefecit eum ecclesie Sypontine retenta nichilominus

eo leuitas uerborum et morum apparuit, ut omnibus in tedium deueniret, seraque penitudine ducti, qualiter ab ipso possent euadere, cogitabant. Sicque factum est, ut qui ignotus fuerat dilectus, notus foret exosus et quem non uidentes affectuose traxerant, uidentes eicere appetebant. Sed Guncellus papali confirmatione suscepta, optinuit nichilominus in partibus Hungarie consecrari. Siquidem dominus Honorius summus pontifex missa auctoritate Roberto Vesprimiensi episcopo precepit, ut examinatis diligenter tam electi persona, quam electionis forma, si nichil obstaret de canonicis institutis,

ad Romanam sedem pro pallio postulando. E uestigio uero legatus Acontius misit litteras et nuntios, excessus archiepiscopi summo pontifici nuntiando. Dominus uero papa misit pallium ad manus legati, committens sibi, ut in causa archiepiscopi, sicut uideretur, de iure procederet. Accepto siquidem papali mandato legatus pallium tradidit seruandum cuidam abbati de Rogoua, archiepiscopum uero ab omni pontificali suspendens officio, precepit ei, ut de suis satisfacturus excessibus apostolico se conspectui exhiberet. Tunc archiepiscopus dolens et anxius ad curiam est profectus. Comitati sunt

canonum singulis ministeriis pertinere noscuntur. Expletis itaque omnibus negotiis uenerabilis cardinalis traddidit conscriptiones arbitrii, unam procuratoribus archiepiscopi, alteram archidiacono eumque ad patriam cum sua gratia et benedictione remisit, confirmato sibi archidiaconatus offitio ex papali rescripto. Acta sunt hec anno Domini MCCXXXIIII sub Ottone cardinali sancti Nicolai in carcere Tuliano. XXXII. De Gregorio comite 1Illis temporibus mortuo comite Petro Spalatenses prefecerunt sibi in comitem nobilem uirum Gregorium

PREPJEVI Ad Virginem beatam M. Marulus Hieronymo Papali salutem. Nuper petenti tibi ut Francisci Petrarchę, inter Thuscos poetas facundissimi, de beata Maria matre semper uirgine cantilenam suo uernaculo sermone compositam Latinam facerem, negare non potui, licet enim partim

43.22  Vergilius mutus, mutus Homerus erit. 44. ad Nicolaum Albertum pro Christophoro Papale, sororio suo, ENDECASYLABON hendecasyllabon
44.1  Tu quae Christophorum uocas peritum

1523 by the name of Clement VII (1523–1534). 5  There were two imperial assemblies in Nuremberg in 1522, one in the spring, and one in the autumn. The Hungarian King sent his envoys to both in order to obtain aid for the struggle against the Turks and for capturing Nándorfehérvár back. The papal envoy should have supported these Hungarian claims. 6  We do not know exactly when Brodarics arrived in Rome. He probably left Buda in the end of February, because Iván Borsa mentions in a Hungarica report that he saw in the Siena State Archives a letter of recommendation by Louis II to

Unfortunately, we have no more letters addressed to King Louis from Rome. 9  Francesco Marsupino, a cleric of Humanist knowledge, a doctor of both laws, one time secretary of Archbishop Bakócz, stayed in Rome from 1518 as a permanent Hungarian envoy. After 1526 he represented Szapolyai in the papal court. István Brodarics and Ferenc Frangepán both considered him a close friend. In 1542 he still served Ferenc Frangepán. Paul III wanted to send him on a mission to Ireland in 1541 but it did not happen (see Thomas Maccogg, The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England

to István Brodarics [Vilnius], [22 October 1522]2 Manuscript used: BK 228fol. 197–1983 Published: Acta Tomiciana VI. 144–145. He has been informed about the sudden death of his envoy to Rome. Since he has nobody to conduct his business, he asks Brodarics to promote his interests in the papal court just as his envoys often represent the Hungarian King. Brodarics should achieve with the Pope that the Pope appoints the candidate of King Sigismund Bishop of Przemiśl Rafał for the vacant position of Bishop of Płock. Appointing anybody else would violate the rights of the country

8  Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade, today: Beograd, Serbia) was occupied by the Turks on 29 August 1521. This was a serious blow to Hungary, since this fortress was central in their Southern defence line. One of the main purpose of sending Brodarics to Rome as an envoy was to obtain support of the papal court to the campaign to reconquer Nándorfehérvár. atque excelsi animi omnibus numeris absoluta ac perfecta excellentia traheret me ad omnem servitutem, quae a me praestari posset, illi libentissime impendendam. Me et obsequia mea perpetua in gratiam

18 Louis II to István Brodarics Buda, 1 June 1523 Manuscript used: MOL DF 2760781 Partially published: Veress Endre (ed.), Akták és levelek Erdély- és Magyarország Moldvával és Havasalfölddel való viszonyához, Budapest, 1914, 125. 2 1. He has learnt that a papal envoy arrives in Hungary with an aid of fifty thousand gold coins. This is needed badly for hiring mercenaries as soon as possible. – 2. The Turks occupied Wallachia again, and, together with the two Romanian voivodships and the Tatars they represent a serious threat to Transylvania and

Brodarics to urge the Pope to give financial aid in any case. – 4. Louis does everything in his power to contain the Turks, but this is not a struggle between equals since it should not be the task of one sole king to defeat the lord of a whole empire. – 5. Brodarics should see to it that the papal court does not spend money allotted from tenths to anything but defence against the Turks. Venerabilis Fidelis nobis Dilecte. 1 Apud hunc versum eadem manu in marg. add. Copia litterarum regis Hungariae ad oratorem suum Romae. Datum Budae prima

We do not know Brodarics’ letter. Few of the breves of Hadrian VI survived, there is none among these that was sent to Louis II. (For this piece of data I am indebted to Gábor Nemes.) 5  Tommaso Cajetan De Vio (1468–1534) Dominican monk, eminent theologian and philosopher, protector of papal primacy. Legate of Hadrian VI in Hungary in 1523. 6  V. Radu (Radu de la Afumaţi) Voivod of Wallachia, illegitimate son of Radu cel Mare. Usually his policies were anti-Turkish, and he had to leave his country several times between 1522–1529. He fled to Transylvania from the Turks

9 Postulamus: Postulavimus BCzart TN 35 manuscript: BCzart TN 35. fol. 747. See the previous letter of Brodarics. A letter by Andrzej Krzycki indicates that the letters from Rome arrived in Cracow on 7 July 1523. (Compare: AT. VI. 294.) 3 In his letter to Papal Nuncio Thomas Crnić (Negri), Hadrian VI remarked that Sigismund uses quite rough language in his letters. (Compare: AT VI. 223.) 4 Sebastian (Opalencki) Opaliński (around 1485–1538), Canon of Cracow, later Custos of Poznań, Royal Secretary. Sigismund informed Bishop of Przemiśl Rafał

Serenitatis humillimam commendationem. [1.] Ad humanissimas litteras 2 Vestrae Serenitatis, quas modo accepi, non habeo quid aliud respondeam, nisi me esse et fore perpetuo, dum vivam, addictissimum 4  Philippus de Senis (Philip of Siena), a cleric in the papal chamber, Canon of Esztergom. Pope Leo X made Philippus de Senis director of chapel consecrated to the Virgin Mary Taken to the Sky in 1513. The chapel belonged to the Esztergom chapter and de Senis entered a long legal battle against the chapter. Compare: Solymosi László (ed.), Az

Archivum Arcis (AA) Arm. XI, caps I. Nr 156., 2527., and ASV, Archivum Arcis XI, caps I. Nr 168. 2533., and Theiner Augustin, Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia, Romae, 1863, 601–602. 5 Vincenzo Baldi de Pistoria. Arrived in Hungary as a member of the retinue of papal legate Cardinal Pietro Isvalies. He soon became Canon of Veszprém, altar director of the St. John altar, at the same time Vicar of Isvalies who became Bishop of Veszprém in 1508. Compare: Lakatos Bálint, Kálnai Imre királyi titkári és főesperesi kinevezése (1523–1525). Adalékok a

still at war with each other. Archduke Ferdinand is trying to mediate through Andreas da Burgo; Louis supports him in this. – 7. Louis has been informed about the peace agreement between Turkey and Persia and about the Sultan’s plans for attack. Brodarics should therefore do all he can for the papal aid together with Marsupino and da Burgo. – 8. Even though the Sultan and the Shah signed peace, if the Pope agrees, it might still be useful to send Hannibal of Cyprus on a mission to Shah Sophi. – 9. He thanks the Pope for the money, weapons, and food sent to the Klissa castle with the

ms. BAV Ottob. nostrae add. 72 quod: quae BAV Ottob. 80 Ludovicum...accipies in editione Gerorgii Pray om. 12  Hannibal of Cyprus. Ambassador of King Louis II in the Turkish court in 1523, commander of the papal mercenaries in the Battle of Mohács, captain of the Italian guards of Szapolyai in the early 1530s. See Bethlen Farkas, Erdély története I., Budapest, 2000, 23. 13  Thomas Crnić (Negri), Bishop of Scardona. Concerning him, see the relevant note for the letter dated 15 December 1523.

34 István Brodarics to Clement VII Vienna, 21 August 1524 Manuscript used: ASV, Principi, vol. 2. fol. 233r–v, 237v. Published: Theiner Augustin, Vetera monumenta historica Hungariam sacram illustrantia II., Romae, 1860, 639. 1. King Louis sent him to Vienna to meet papal legate Campeggio and inform the latter about matters in Hungary and Bohemia. – 2. He assures the Pope that he and Chancellor Szalkai are both loyal to him. – 3. The Hungarians like Baron Burgio as if he was not from Sicily but Transylvania. – 4. Archduke Ferdinand is ready to protect

hunc fidelem suum et nostrum, venerabilem Stephanum Brodaricum [...] cui nos quoque commisimus nonnulla Vestrae Serenitati nostro nomine referenda.”) See MTAKK, Ms 4939, Simancas, bundle 1, and Kujáni Gábor, Brodarics István levelezése 1508–1538, Történelmi Tár, 1908, 345–346. 2  Papal Legate Cardinal Campeggio stayed in Hungary and then in Vienna from 18 July 1524. 3  Brodarics probably alludes to three rulers most affected by the Turks: King of Hungary and Bohemia Louis II, Polish King Sigismund I, and Austrian Archduke Ferdinand.

Quinqueecclesiensis On the outer side: Sanctissimo Domino Nostro Papae, Domino mihi semper Clementissimo 25 post ut is del. 4  Archbishop of Esztergom László Szalkai. Compare: Lk, 21, 2 . 6  Papal Nuncio Baron Antonio Burgio. On his activities in Hungary see: Bartoniek Emma (ed.), Mohács Magyarországa. Báró Burgio pápai követ jelentései, Budapest, 1926., and Magyarországi pápai követek jelentései 1524–1526. Budapest, 2001. 7  The Papal Court intervened on behalf of

Compare: Lk, 21, 2 . 6  Papal Nuncio Baron Antonio Burgio. On his activities in Hungary see: Bartoniek Emma (ed.), Mohács Magyarországa. Báró Burgio pápai követ jelentései, Budapest, 1926., and Magyarországi pápai követek jelentései 1524–1526. Budapest, 2001. 7  The Papal Court intervened on behalf of Brodarics already in 1524 to assist in his appointment to the bishopric. But it did not happen yet, and Brodarics was compensated by a prebend as Canon of Esztergom. 5 

László Szalkai, Bishop of Eger, later Archbishop of Esztergom took up the lion’s share of the talks hoping that the Holy Seat would reward his efforts with appointing him Cardinal. More on this: Fraknói Vilmos, Magyarország a mohácsi vész előtt, Budapest, 1884, 82–96. 3  Compare: Papal Nuncio Baron Burgio’s report on 31 October 1524. Fraknói Vilmos, Magyarországi pápai követek jelentései... 56–60. 4  Archbishop of Esztergom and High Chancellor László Szalkai. 5  Pope Clement VII. 2  1 

of Esztergom, and Louis II could appoint his successor. It was the King’s former envoy to Venice Fülöp Csulai Móré who had the prebend of Provost of Eger. In fact, Szatmári kept benefices of the bishopric until his death on 7 April 1524, so Csulai remained elected (electus) bishop. Papal confirmation became possible only after the death of Szatmári, and from Brodarics’ letter it seems it did not go smoothly either. That is why Brodarics asked for Salviati’s intervention. Some data suggest that it was unnecessary because Clement VII produced the bull that confirmed

2. fol. 345r–v. 1. He can present the reasons for his delay to the Pope soon in person: he was about to leave when Cardinal Campeggio was called to Buda unexpectedly after Ferdinand’s sudden departure. Archbishop of Esztergom László Szalkai, who is ready to act according to the wishes of the papal court, was of great service in this. – 2. He will report on the situation here after arriving in Rome; he does not want to burden the Pope with a lengthy letter now; the Pope can learn the essentials from Archdean Imre. He expresses his gratitude to the papal court and Baron Burgio for

act according to the wishes of the papal court, was of great service in this. – 2. He will report on the situation here after arriving in Rome; he does not want to burden the Pope with a lengthy letter now; the Pope can learn the essentials from Archdean Imre. He expresses his gratitude to the papal court and Baron Burgio for intervening on his behalf; now he is put under even stronger obligation if that is possible at all. Beatissime Pater, ac Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae ad pulveres pedum Vestrae Sanctitatis beatorum

Vestrae Sanctitatis factas, factum esse longe addictiorem et obstrictum vinc 1 Louis II informed the Pope already on 20 October 1524 that Brodarics would be sent back to Rome. Compare: Theiner Augustin, Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia, Romae, 1863, 584. 2  Papal legate Cardinal Campeggio stayed in Hungary and then in Vienna from 18 July 1524. 3 László Szalkai had held the title Archbishop of Esztergom since May 1524. 4  In fact, Brodarics could leave in February 1525 only. Louis II dated his letter of commission on 13 February 1525 in Buda.

commisit, vel qui eas nomine ipsius petierit, ducatos in auro Hungaricales centum et decem. [2.] Alia nunc non sunt. Exspectamus reverendissimum dominum cardinalem Campeium 2 ad diem Nativitatis huc venturum. Ego post festa credo me iter ingressurum. 6  The Papal Court attempted to achieve via Baron Burgio the appointment of Brodarics already in 1524, but they failed due to the resistance of Archbishop Szalkai. Brodarics was compensated by a prebend as Canon of Esztergom. Louis II., however, made a promise to the Pope that he would raise Brodarics to

however, made a promise to the Pope that he would raise Brodarics to Bishop status as soon as possible. Compare: Theiner Augustin, Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia, Romae, 1863. 585. The manuscript is damaged at some places. Louis invited Papal Legate Cardinal Campeggio to Buda in November, and Brodarics’ travel was postponed until his arrival. See the previous letter on this. 2 King 1  Dolebo maiorem in modum, si Dominationem

REGVM DELMATIĘ ATQVE CROATIĘ GESTA A MARCO MARVLO SPALATENSI PATRITIO LATINITATE DONATA Marcus Marulus Dominico Papali salutem. Commentariolum a te in Craina nuper repertum, inter uetustissimas gentis illius scripturas Delmatico idiomate compositum, tuo rogatu Latinum feci, Croatię Delmatięque regum gesta continentem. Res certe digna relatu et quam non solum

petrerias, et duas colombrinas et triginta archibusonorum, et pulveris bombardici copiam, et multa alia tela. Erant et et Z: etiam D in urbe priora tormenta ferrea, et aenea, praesertim unum, quod papale nominant, quod ponderantem triginta libras ferri pilam jaculatur, et in armamento etiam erant multa alia arma bellica. Maenia tamen vetera, et ruinosa instauratione indigebant, Pugnatorum quoque paucitas dubiam

iustificationem commissis: sed pro sequentibus, Missis aut bonis operibus nostris aut aliorum esse satisfaciendum. Verum ille est verus sensus, quod omnis remissio peccatorum fiat tantum de praeteritis, non autem de futuris, ut aliqui indulgentiarum praecones olim factitarunt, et multa privilegia papalia faciunt. Exempli gratia, ut alicui liceat carnes vetitis diebus comedere. Quid enim aliud est vetita in religione concedere, quam futura peccata condonare? Tale nihil docet vera Theologia. Quare recte ait Paulus, Ob remissionem praeteritorum peccatorum. Recte etiam dicitur. Paulum

dictus comes Corbinianus Saurer, ex parte autem Veneta dominus de Dona senatorii ordinis. Comparuere Goritiam Venetae non solum oppulente, sed cum omni libertatis specie, videlicet cantatricibus pulcherrimis, | saltatricibus item, tam ex statu Veneto quam et papali electis musicis quoque, aliisque ad latus idoneis, tanquam oportunis ad movendum resciendumque omnia instrumentis. Quod eis tam bene cessit, ut felicitatem hanc Goritiae invideret Vienna, plurimasque saltatricum et cantatricum illarum, applaudentibus Venetis, Viennam vocaret 1748. et 1749.,

vovens, quod anno attingendae aetatis suae 60, cujuscunque tandem conditionis futurus esset, abdicatis omnibus, sese ad contemplativam vitam componere, sibique uni ac Deo vivere velit. Attigit ille aetatem hanc ante biennium, votique scrupulis agitatus, tametsi proborum virorum consilio, quin et papali, ut vocamus, commutatione ac declaratione scrupulis suis satisfieri videretur; nihilominus postquam superiore anno fulmine tam episcopium suum, quam et basilica Carolinensis deturpata ignisque victima evasissent, non remansa a cineribus ulla ara et supellectile basilicae, ipse poenam hoc Dei

coronationis functione praecederet, et facto tali testaretur aula, se principes non censere comitibus majores. Et quia ab anno 1760. die 28. Aprilis esset viduus, viduam comitis Nicolai Erdoedy gynecaei defunctae principis Elizabet et aulae praefectam, fratris sui filiam Theresiam nomine, cum papali dispensatione uxorem duxit. Adeo crevit Batthyaniana familia, ut de gratia principis regni barones tres essent videlicet palatinus, tavernicus, dapipherorum magister, in tabula septemvirali praeter affines eorum tres aeque, verbo Batthyaniorum omnia sunt. Praedictum ipsum connubium satis

Christophorus ab Erdoedy; baro autem Ignatius Magdalenich emptum Siscii aut Zagrabiae frumentum ipse vendebat; quid ex his compagniis eventurum sit, tempus docebit. Sane anno hoc frumenti copia per Savum ex Sirmio et Sclavonia Siscium et ad Narth conducebatur, et ob inopiam tritici in statu papali atque Italia ob calores defectumque pluviarum sub finem Augusti altissimum fuit tritico precium. Flumine, Tergesti, kuplenik a fl. tribus et medio veniebant, ex quo dardanariorum per Carnioliam, Croatiam et Sclavoniam infinitus prope numerus, qui datis arhis triticum

ad usum iam restrictae sint, praelati ab onere banderii nulla sint lege absoluti. Interim haec 7o nempe et 8o utcunque accepta fuerint, haud equidem in magno discrimine ponam, praesertim cum hoc in casu eosdem a subsidio Papali praestandi absolvi ipsa sane equitas exigeret. Octavo. Quamvis veteri usu primum copias Regis, iis non sufficientibus banderia, ac si nec haec sufficerent, tum demum

Bibliographia locorum inventorum

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