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fuit: primo equites levis armaturae vestri Agriensis et domini cardinalis Strigoniensis, 9 post deinde armigeri. Subsecuti praeterea varii diversorum principum On Lardi see notes for the previous letter. copy of the original manuscript from the 19th century is in the Library of the HAS, Manuscripts Department (Ms 4999, bundle 11., 101–103) 3  See the previous letter. 4  Brodarics did not send his previous letter indeed, since there is no seal and address on that one (unlike the second one sent to Lardi). 5  I.e. on 8 June 1508. 6  Imre

On Lardi see notes for the previous letter. copy of the original manuscript from the 19th century is in the Library of the HAS, Manuscripts Department (Ms 4999, bundle 11., 101–103) 3  See the previous letter. 4  Brodarics did not send his previous letter indeed, since there is no seal and address on that one (unlike the second one sent to Lardi). 5  I.e. on 8 June 1508. 6  Imre Perényi (?–1519), Comes of Abaúj, Palatine from 1504 until his death. 7  János Szapolyai, Count of Szepes, Transylvanian Voivod. 8  After the coronation the two keepers of the

Brodarics to citizens of Kassa Buda, 29 August 1512 Manuscript used: MOL, DF 270926 1. Brodarics reminds citizens of Kassa that he was of help to them in the past whenever he could be. – 2. He asks for a four-in-hand carriage from the town in recognition of his services and that it is to be sent to Buda by merchants going to the fair held at St. Nicholas Day. Prudentes et Circumspecti Domini et Amici mihi Honorandi. [1.] Satis constat Vestris Dominationibus et maxime illis, qui ad dominum nostrum

levelei XV–XVI. század, Budapest, 1971, 558. Six years ago he left a manuscript of Janus Pannonius with a book merchant by the name of Jordan so that the latter would forward it to Aldus Manutius in order to print it. He requests Aldus to give the volume to the Hungarian King’s envoy, who is to arrive at Venice, if it has been printed. Excellentissime Vir, Amice Observandissime. Salutem ac prosperitatem. Iusseram cuidam librario Alemanno Iordano nomine 3 Venetiis agenti sexto iam circiter abhinc anno tum videlicet, cum

Berlin, 1862. 2  On the back side of the letter we find 17 October. Rabán Gerézdi does accept this date (compare: Aldus Manutius magyar barátai, Magyar Könyvszemle, 1945, 67), and this date appears on the version that appeared in Hungarian in the volume of V. Kovács. However, this is obviously false, since we know that Fülöp Csulai Móré took the letter, and about him we know that he was received in Venice in great pomp on 7 October. (Compare: F edeles Tamás, Egy Jagelló-kori humanista pályaképe. Csulai Móré Fülöp (1476/1477–1526), Levéltári Közlemények,

Móré Fülöp (1476/1477–1526), Levéltári Közlemények, 2007, 60–61.) The misunderstanding stems from an incorrect resolution of the Roman-type date at the end of the letter. According to Roman calculation we do not add 17 days to the Kalendae, 1 October, but distract 17 days, and this is how we get the real date of the letter, 15 September. This way of dating can be reconciled with Csulai’s trip, who was already in Zengg at the end of September, where he embarked on a ship to Venice. 3  Jordan von Dinslaken, printer from Cologne. He was banned from Venice in 1520 for

7 István Brodarics to citizens of Kassa Pécs, 20 August 1515 Manuscript used: MOL, DF 269209 Published: Tóth-Szabó Pál, Oklevelek a kegyúri jog történetéhez, Történelmi Tár, 1903, 105–106. 1. Having heard that the position of the Provost of Jászó is vacant, he asks those in Kassa to give it to scribe Péter. Kristóf Darholczi also wrote about this to them. – 2. He and Darhoczi could have achieved with the Bishop that the Provostship goes to scribe Péter, but as advowson belongs to Kassa, they prefer to recommend their protégé to the

but as advowson belongs to Kassa, they prefer to recommend their protégé to the town. – 4. People in Kassa should write a letter on behalf of scribe Péter, whose knowledge, morals and outstanding qualities make him worthy of recommendation. Brodarics’ formulation is ambiguous here. Already secretary of György Szatmári at the time. In 1505–1506, probably the patronage of Tamás Bakócz was behind the plans for publication, but the manuscript in question got into the hands of the young Humanist from his original patron Osvát Tuz. (On this compare: Kasza

The convent, however, also clinged to the right of free election of the Provost based on their privileges upheld by Vladislaus. After the death of Pál Jászai, the convent elected Gergely Karácsondi Provost. Karácsondi was later confirmed by Szatmári himself as Provost. The document about this is dated 23 September 1515. (Compare: MOL DF 269210) Regarding the Jászó convent see: Tóth-Szabó Pál, Szathmári György prímás (1457–1524), Budapest, 1906; and Tóth-Szabó Pál, Jász a főkegyúri jog történetében II., Századok, 1905, 223–247. 3  An unknown employee of György

Szathmári György prímás (1457–1524), Budapest, 1906; and Tóth-Szabó Pál, Jász a főkegyúri jog történetében II., Századok, 1905, 223–247. 3  An unknown employee of György Szatmári who did not attain Provostship. 4  Brodarics was already the secretary of Szatmári. 5  It is about nobleman Kristóf Darholczi from Sáros County, about whom we have several pieces of data together with his father (Pál Darholczi) and brothers (Pál and Vilmos). (Compare: MOL, DL 97820, DL 64524, DL 75106). Kristóf, Vice-Comes of Sáros County from 1514, Chamberlain of György

a mohácsi vész korában (Kálnai Imre), Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 1970, 372. In Hungarian: V. Kovács Sándor, Magyar humanisták levelei XV–XVI. század, Budapest, 1971, 596. Brodarics calls Cospi’s attention to a youngster who prepares for studies in Italy, even though he is not an old acquaintance of Cospi. Eximie ac Doctissime Vir, salutem et commendationem. Etsi nulla mihi vel parva admodum cum Tua Dominatione intercessit familiaris necessitudo, qua fretus liberius illi oneris quippiam auderem imponere, exoratus

mandasse intelligat, cui me unice commendo. Quae et semper optime valeat. Datum etc. 1  Angelo Bartolomeo Cospi (1430–1516) Humanist, philologist, teacher of rhetoric at the Vienna University. 2  Giving an exact date for the letter is problematic. Sándor V. Kovács, who first published the text, dated the letter to the second half of the 1530s, because he thought that Brodarics might have got acquainted with Angelo Cospi on his trip to Italy in 1536. Regarding the fact that Cospi died in 1516, the date given by V. Kovács is

is problematic. Sándor V. Kovács, who first published the text, dated the letter to the second half of the 1530s, because he thought that Brodarics might have got acquainted with Angelo Cospi on his trip to Italy in 1536. Regarding the fact that Cospi died in 1516, the date given by V. Kovács is obviously impossible. Cospi taught rhetoric at the University of Vienna, and it is clear that Brodarics knew him only slightly. However, we know about Cospi that he spent some time in Pozsony in 1515, where in the house of Girolamo Balbi he translated the Didorodus Codex (Libri duo, primus de

to the second half of the 1530s, because he thought that Brodarics might have got acquainted with Angelo Cospi on his trip to Italy in 1536. Regarding the fact that Cospi died in 1516, the date given by V. Kovács is obviously impossible. Cospi taught rhetoric at the University of Vienna, and it is clear that Brodarics knew him only slightly. However, we know about Cospi that he spent some time in Pozsony in 1515, where in the house of Girolamo Balbi he translated the Didorodus Codex (Libri duo, primus de Philippi Regis Macedoniae, aliorum re quorundam illustrium ducum, alter de Alexandri

alias vitae humanae necessarias artes et studia sequantur. Qui vero nobiliorem a natura vim sortiti sunt, et reliquum 3 Brodarich: Brodarych MOL R 64 1  The original of the document severely damaged already was in the possession of the Tallián family. The copy that is presently in the MOL was made after this in 1897. The Tallián archive was incorporated into the National Museum in 1899, but by this time the original of Brodarics’ coat of arms had disappeared. Compare: Laczlavik György, Brodarics István címereslevele, Turul, 2011/1, 28. 2  Jerosin or

coat of arms had disappeared. Compare: Laczlavik György, Brodarics István címereslevele, Turul, 2011/1, 28. 2  Jerosin or Jarosin, Kőrös county (today: Herešin, Croatia). Relevant literature disputes that Brodarics really used the name of Jerosin, because, apart from the charter, it is never seen in his letters that survived. In a letter dated 1 October 1532., he names Polyana in Kőrös County as his ancestral estate. On the issue of title of nobility see: Kujáni Gábor, A Brodaricsok, Századok, 1913, 755–756; on Jerosin–Herešin the authority is Ranko Pavleš, who uses

from the charter, it is never seen in his letters that survived. In a letter dated 1 October 1532., he names Polyana in Kőrös County as his ancestral estate. On the issue of title of nobility see: Kujáni Gábor, A Brodaricsok, Századok, 1913, 755–756; on Jerosin–Herešin the authority is Ranko Pavleš, who uses recent Croatian literature too. Compare: Ranko Pavleš, Koprivničko i đurđevečko vlastelinstvo. Povijest, topografija, organizacija, Koprivnica, 2001, 110–111. 3  This, in fact, is a title of chapel rector. The St. Andrew’s chapel might have been built next to

A Brodaricsok, Századok, 1913, 755–756; on Jerosin–Herešin the authority is Ranko Pavleš, who uses recent Croatian literature too. Compare: Ranko Pavleš, Koprivničko i đurđevečko vlastelinstvo. Povijest, topografija, organizacija, Koprivnica, 2001, 110–111. 3  This, in fact, is a title of chapel rector. The St. Andrew’s chapel might have been built next to the south-western part of cathedral. Sources mention one of its altars already in the early 14th century. Tamás Bakócz was one of the chapel rectors before 1487; all his known successors were clerics with a

pen friend of Erasmus, member of the circle of László Szalkai who would become Archbishop of Esztergom. One of the tutors of the child King Louis from 1516, Royal Secretary from 1520. We have no other data about a permanent contact with Brodarics, who was roughly of the same age, but perhaps it is not just by accident that he wrote the letter on the coat of arms, which praises literature and science, in such elegant Latin. 1  Fraknói refers to this letter when he states that one of Brodarics’ tasks was to persuade the Pope to intervene so that Pál Tomori accepts arcbishopric of

Haec enim scripsi subitissime nuntio properante. Brevi faciam de rebus omnibus Vestram Maiestatem certiorem. Dominus Marsupinus 9 et ipse 4  Cardinal Giulio de Medici was the cousin of the previous Medici pope, Leo X. After the early death of Hadrian VI he is elected Pope in the autumn of 1523 by the name of Clement VII (1523–1534). 5  There were two imperial assemblies in Nuremberg in 1522, one in the spring, and one in the autumn. The Hungarian King sent his envoys to both in order to obtain aid for the struggle against the Turks and for

Iván Borsa mentions in a Hungarica report that he saw in the Siena State Archives a letter of recommendation by Louis II to Cardinal Raffaello Petrucci on behalf of Brodarics, and this was dated 18 February 1522 (compare: Archivio di Stato di Siena, Particolari, Famiglie Senesi nr. 146). It is known from Mario Sanuto’s diary that he was in Venice on 26 April because that’s when he spoke in front of the council of the Signoria about the aid to Hungary. He got an answer on 2 May, and Sanuto says he continued his trip to Rome on 3 May. (Compare: Wenzel Gusztáv, Marino Sanuto

a Jagelló-korban, Történelmi Tár, 1906, 341–342; and MOL DL 25313. 11  We do not know the referred letter by King Louis. 12  This may be a reference to Archbishop of Esztergom and High Chancellor György Szatmári, a long-time patron of Brodarics. Because of the title Chancellor it is possible that László Szalkai wrote the letter mentioned. 13  It is a reference to the Fugger banking house, which was one of the most important financial institutions of the era that gave credits. They had several branches in Hungary too. More on their activities: Richard Ehrenberg, Das

25313. 11  We do not know the referred letter by King Louis. 12  This may be a reference to Archbishop of Esztergom and High Chancellor György Szatmári, a long-time patron of Brodarics. Because of the title Chancellor it is possible that László Szalkai wrote the letter mentioned. 13  It is a reference to the Fugger banking house, which was one of the most important financial institutions of the era that gave credits. They had several branches in Hungary too. More on their activities: Richard Ehrenberg, Das Zeitalter der Fugger. Geldkapital und Creditverkerhr im 16. Jahrhundert,

They had several branches in Hungary too. More on their activities: Richard Ehrenberg, Das Zeitalter der Fugger. Geldkapital und Creditverkerhr im 16. Jahrhundert, Jena, 1963. 14  Brodarics’ planned legation in France did not happen. 15  In the first part of the letter Brodarics says August is the current month, yet the date at the end of the letter is 1 September. This highlights the nature of diplomatic letters: they are summaries, and writing them often took several days as suspected here.

Richard Ehrenberg, Das Zeitalter der Fugger. Geldkapital und Creditverkerhr im 16. Jahrhundert, Jena, 1963. 14  Brodarics’ planned legation in France did not happen. 15  In the first part of the letter Brodarics says August is the current month, yet the date at the end of the letter is 1 September. This highlights the nature of diplomatic letters: they are summaries, and writing them often took several days as suspected here. 11 Sigismund I 1 to István Brodarics

letter to Brodarics was probably written around 22 October too. 3  Another manuscript: BCzart TN 35. 378–379. According to the version kept in the Naruszewicz Collection, this letter was intended to Francesco Marsupino, which cannot be excluded, since the earliest known manuscript of it is known only from a 16th-century copy kept in Kórnik. This is what I used. Its address says the letter is to the Hungarian King’s envoy at the Holy Seat (oratori regis Hungariae apud Sedem Apostolicam). Since we do not know of any letter from Sigismund to Marsupino during Brodarics’ envoyship

too. 3  Another manuscript: BCzart TN 35. 378–379. According to the version kept in the Naruszewicz Collection, this letter was intended to Francesco Marsupino, which cannot be excluded, since the earliest known manuscript of it is known only from a 16th-century copy kept in Kórnik. This is what I used. Its address says the letter is to the Hungarian King’s envoy at the Holy Seat (oratori regis Hungariae apud Sedem Apostolicam). Since we do not know of any letter from Sigismund to Marsupino during Brodarics’ envoyship in Rome, and Brodarics indicates in his response on 1

35. 378–379. According to the version kept in the Naruszewicz Collection, this letter was intended to Francesco Marsupino, which cannot be excluded, since the earliest known manuscript of it is known only from a 16th-century copy kept in Kórnik. This is what I used. Its address says the letter is to the Hungarian King’s envoy at the Holy Seat (oratori regis Hungariae apud Sedem Apostolicam). Since we do not know of any letter from Sigismund to Marsupino during Brodarics’ envoyship in Rome, and Brodarics indicates in his response on 1 January 1523 that he did get a letter from the

apud Sedem Apostolicam). Since we do not know of any letter from Sigismund to Marsupino during Brodarics’ envoyship in Rome, and Brodarics indicates in his response on 1 January 1523 that he did get a letter from the Polish King, I deem it more probable that the addressee of the above letter is Brodarics. 4  This letter is unknown. The above letter is the earliest that left to us from the correspondence of Brodarics and the Polish King. 5  Erazm Ciołek (1474–1522), Bishop of Płock, died as an envoy of Sigismund in Rome on 9 September 1522. More on his life: Henryk Folwarski,

we do not know of any letter from Sigismund to Marsupino during Brodarics’ envoyship in Rome, and Brodarics indicates in his response on 1 January 1523 that he did get a letter from the Polish King, I deem it more probable that the addressee of the above letter is Brodarics. 4  This letter is unknown. The above letter is the earliest that left to us from the correspondence of Brodarics and the Polish King. 5  Erazm Ciołek (1474–1522), Bishop of Płock, died as an envoy of Sigismund in Rome on 9 September 1522. More on his life: Henryk Folwarski, Erazm Ciołek biskup i dyplomata,

from Sigismund to Marsupino during Brodarics’ envoyship in Rome, and Brodarics indicates in his response on 1 January 1523 that he did get a letter from the Polish King, I deem it more probable that the addressee of the above letter is Brodarics. 4  This letter is unknown. The above letter is the earliest that left to us from the correspondence of Brodarics and the Polish King. 5  Erazm Ciołek (1474–1522), Bishop of Płock, died as an envoy of Sigismund in Rome on 9 September 1522. More on his life: Henryk Folwarski, Erazm Ciołek biskup i dyplomata, Warszawa, 1935. 6 

the Polish King. 5  Erazm Ciołek (1474–1522), Bishop of Płock, died as an envoy of Sigismund in Rome on 9 September 1522. More on his life: Henryk Folwarski, Erazm Ciołek biskup i dyplomata, Warszawa, 1935. 6  Hungarian King Louis II was the cousin of Sigismund. 7  Without doubt this is a reference to Francesco Marsupino. 8  Pope Hadrian VI. meritissimum, quem nos Suae Sanctitati praesentamus. 9 Nam nos alium nequamquam admittere volumus neque possemus contra iura nostra et statuta regni nostri, quae infringi regnicolae nostri

request and approached the Pope regarding the Płock bishopric and the matter of indulgences. Sigismund will learn the Pope’s answer from a letter to be sent through Anton Fugger. – 2. He informs Sigismund that the Pope holds him in the highest esteem among all Christian rulers, and he alone is considered the refuge of Christianity and also the only support of Hungarian King Louis. – 3. He says he is happy to be available for Sigismund because he knows that by serving Sigismund he is of service to his own master Louis. Serenissime Princeps et Domine,

learn the Pope’s answer from a letter to be sent through Anton Fugger. – 2. He informs Sigismund that the Pope holds him in the highest esteem among all Christian rulers, and he alone is considered the refuge of Christianity and also the only support of Hungarian King Louis. – 3. He says he is happy to be available for Sigismund because he knows that by serving Sigismund he is of service to his own master Louis. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae in gratiam Vestrae Serenissimae Maiestatis humillimam

Sigismund that the Pope holds him in the highest esteem among all Christian rulers, and he alone is considered the refuge of Christianity and also the only support of Hungarian King Louis. – 3. He says he is happy to be available for Sigismund because he knows that by serving Sigismund he is of service to his own master Louis. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae in gratiam Vestrae Serenissimae Maiestatis humillimam commendationem. [1.] Dignata est Vestra Maiestas his diebus

működéséhez., Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 2009, 593–605. The same in English: A Hungarian diplomat in Polish service New sources for the functioning of István Brodarics as ambassador in Rome, Camoenae Hungaricae, 2010, 61–73. manuscript: BK 223 fol. 83–84. No doubt, it is the letter by Sigismund in October 1522. 3  Sigismund greeted Hadrian VI for his election in a letter dated in Vilnius 22 October 1522. Compare: AT VI. 130. 1  Another Ego non solum omnes has litteras

again regarding the Płock bishopric, but this time Cardinal de Grassis, who had been away before, also spoke up to the Pope in this matter. – 2. He will learn the Pope’s answer from de Grassis’ letter. The Pope cannot be dissuaded from his earlier intention, so pushing the issue further is senseless. That is, benefices of those who died in the Town are handled differently in Rome. They try to get hold of such benefices themselves. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae Maiestatis humillimam

the Płock bishopric, but this time Cardinal de Grassis, who had been away before, also spoke up to the Pope in this matter. – 2. He will learn the Pope’s answer from de Grassis’ letter. The Pope cannot be dissuaded from his earlier intention, so pushing the issue further is senseless. That is, benefices of those who died in the Town are handled differently in Rome. They try to get hold of such benefices themselves. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae Maiestatis humillimam

January 1523 Manuscript used: BN T. 4. fol. 131r. Published: Acta Tomiciana VI. 226. Brodarics, as instructed, held negotiations with the Pope again regarding the Płock bishopric. The King will learn the Pope’s intentions from the latter’s breve. The Pope shows goodwill towards him and is ready to please him in any way since he knows that the fate of Christianity is in a large part in Sigismund’s hands. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae in gratiam Vestrae Serenissimae Maiestatis humillimam

VI. 226. Brodarics, as instructed, held negotiations with the Pope again regarding the Płock bishopric. The King will learn the Pope’s intentions from the latter’s breve. The Pope shows goodwill towards him and is ready to please him in any way since he knows that the fate of Christianity is in a large part in Sigismund’s hands. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae in gratiam Vestrae Serenissimae Maiestatis humillimam commendationem. Rursus non destiti urgere et sollicitare Sanctissimum Dominum Nostrum

1. Krzycki expresses his joy over Brodarics’ letter to him. Neither long years nor distance made him forget their old friendship. – 2. He thanks for Brodarics’ congratulation to him for his appointment as Bishop of Przemiśl. He did not strive for it, did not even think of it. He is afraid, however, that a bishopric so near the Turks will hinder him in achieving his literary goals. – 3. He has been informed about the election of the Pope, and is worried that the situation of the church would not improve in Poland, especially due to schemes of the Czech. – 4. He has been

congratulation to him for his appointment as Bishop of Przemiśl. He did not strive for it, did not even think of it. He is afraid, however, that a bishopric so near the Turks will hinder him in achieving his literary goals. – 3. He has been informed about the election of the Pope, and is worried that the situation of the church would not improve in Poland, especially due to schemes of the Czech. – 4. He has been informed that there are plots in Rome regarding the rest of his benefices, although he cannot accept the bishopric without those.

23 ignorare: ignorasse BK 245:, in...latere om. BK 245 24 Porro intelligimus om. BK 245 25 redempturum Israel: Israel redempturum BK 245: 25 quo haud: ex quibus non BK 245 26 secuturum: sequi BK 245 26 post Dominatio ms. BK 245: Reverendissima add. 27 hic: sit BK 245 This is the earliest letter in the Krzycki–Brodarics correspondence. We do not know exactly how long they had known each other, but it must have been a long time (per totos annos). Since Krzycki, like Brodarics, studied in Bologna in the first years of the century, conceivably they might have met

used: MOL DF 2760781 Partially published: Veress Endre (ed.), Akták és levelek Erdély- és Magyarország Moldvával és Havasalfölddel való viszonyához, Budapest, 1914, 125. 2 1. He has learnt that a papal envoy arrives in Hungary with an aid of fifty thousand gold coins. This is needed badly for hiring mercenaries as soon as possible. – 2. The Turks occupied Wallachia again, and, together with the two Romanian voivodships and the Tatars they represent a serious threat to Transylvania and Szörény, and even the whole country. A significant Turkish force assembled

force assembled already near Szörény which, although would not start an overall attack on the country, can cause considerable harm through minor attacks and occupying border fortresses. – 3. The Turks threaten Croatia. Lightning has hit the powdermagazine in Temesvár. It exploded and there is significant damage. He asks Brodarics to urge the Pope to give financial aid in any case. – 4. Louis does everything in his power to contain the Turks, but this is not a struggle between equals since it should not be the task of one sole king to defeat the lord of a whole empire. – 5.

border fortresses. – 3. The Turks threaten Croatia. Lightning has hit the powdermagazine in Temesvár. It exploded and there is significant damage. He asks Brodarics to urge the Pope to give financial aid in any case. – 4. Louis does everything in his power to contain the Turks, but this is not a struggle between equals since it should not be the task of one sole king to defeat the lord of a whole empire. – 5. Brodarics should see to it that the papal court does not spend money allotted from tenths to anything but defence against the Turks. Venerabilis

but defence against the Turks. Venerabilis Fidelis nobis Dilecte. 1 Apud hunc versum eadem manu in marg. add. Copia litterarum regis Hungariae ad oratorem suum Romae. Datum Budae prima Iunii 1523. 2  Another reason to date the letter for May is that the same arguments appear in a letter to Cardinal Bernardo Carvajal sent on 15 May 1523. (Compare: AT VI. 275.) 3 Sigismund sent Hieronym Łaski to Rome to protest raising Marquis of Brandenburg Johann Albrecht Bishop of Płock. (Compare: AT VI. 214–216.) 1  The same manuscript can be

to protest raising Marquis of Brandenburg Johann Albrecht Bishop of Płock. (Compare: AT VI. 214–216.) 1  The same manuscript can be found in the HHStA in Vienna (HHStA, Ung. Akt. Fasc. 1. Konv. D, fol. 96–97.) 2  Only the first third of the letter (Redditum nobis... societatem allicere.) is included in Veress’ documentary compilation. [1.] Redditum nobis paulo post tuas litteras 3 est breve Apostolicum 4 de summa quinquaginta milium ducatorum, quae nondum accepimus in huius afflicti regni nostri defensionem a Sanctissimo

illi dicuntur esse, facinus, quod maximum poterunt, tum in oppugnandis arcibus finitimis tum in vastandis et diripiendis regnis nostris experientur. 28 Exercitus correxi ex: exercitos. We do not know Brodarics’ letter. Few of the breves of Hadrian VI survived, there is none among these that was sent to Louis II. (For this piece of data I am indebted to Gábor Nemes.) 5  Tommaso Cajetan De Vio (1468–1534) Dominican monk, eminent theologian and philosopher, protector of papal primacy. Legate of Hadrian VI in Hungary in 1523. 6  V. Radu (Radu de la

VI. 286–288. 1. Finally, success has been achieved in the matters of the bishoprics of Płock and Przemiśl. Cardinal Pucci fulfilled all the wishes of Sigismund; nevertheless, Brodarics himself did his utmost for success. – 2. New envoy of the King of England, Bishop of Bath has arrived. It is not known yet what suggestions he has regard 39 Sacrorum correxi ex: sacrum ing peace. Supposedly, the French King’s envoy is also on his way. – 3. He works day and night to obtain aid to King Louis; he hopes to squeeze out something after the

Brodarics himself did his utmost for success. – 2. New envoy of the King of England, Bishop of Bath has arrived. It is not known yet what suggestions he has regard 39 Sacrorum correxi ex: sacrum ing peace. Supposedly, the French King’s envoy is also on his way. – 3. He works day and night to obtain aid to King Louis; he hopes to squeeze out something after the lengthy procrastination. – 4. Cardinal Soderini is suspected of wanting to induce a riot in Sicily. He has been locked up in the Saint Angel Castle. Three cardinals

39 Sacrorum correxi ex: sacrum ing peace. Supposedly, the French King’s envoy is also on his way. – 3. He works day and night to obtain aid to King Louis; he hopes to squeeze out something after the lengthy procrastination. – 4. Cardinal Soderini is suspected of wanting to induce a riot in Sicily. He has been locked up in the Saint Angel Castle. Three cardinals investigate the case; no decision has been made yet. – 5. He says sorry to Sigismund for daring to interfere in matters that are perhaps beyond his scope, however, he does this for

a riot in Sicily. He has been locked up in the Saint Angel Castle. Three cardinals investigate the case; no decision has been made yet. – 5. He says sorry to Sigismund for daring to interfere in matters that are perhaps beyond his scope, however, he does this for Sigismund and Hungary. – 6. It is said in Rome that Sigismund advised his cousin to consider signing peace or at least armistice with the Turks, since he is left on his own by Christian rulers. Brodarics feels Sigismund could not have given better or more beneficial advice, since he has been working on obtaining aid to Hungary

made yet. – 5. He says sorry to Sigismund for daring to interfere in matters that are perhaps beyond his scope, however, he does this for Sigismund and Hungary. – 6. It is said in Rome that Sigismund advised his cousin to consider signing peace or at least armistice with the Turks, since he is left on his own by Christian rulers. Brodarics feels Sigismund could not have given better or more beneficial advice, since he has been working on obtaining aid to Hungary sideby-side with Francesco Marsupino, and with the envoy of Archduke Ferdinand, for a whole year now, and received nothing

from 1518 as a permanent Hungarian envoy. 7  Starting with 7 February 1523, Ferdinand had two envoys in Rome, Pedro de Cordoba (Pedro Salamanca) and Girolamo Balbi. Pedro de Cordoba left Rome at the end of April, while Balbi stayed until about mid-June. Since Brodarics speaks about an envoy, it is unclear whom he refers to, but the date of the letter (10 June) makes Balbi more probable. Brodarics had known him longer anyway. Compare: Gerhard Rill, Fürst und Hof in Österreich. Von den habsburgischen Teilungsverträgen bis zur Schlacht Mohács (1521/22 bis 1526). Bd. 1. Außenpolitik und

English King Henry VIII (1509–1547). of Portugal John III (1521–1557). 20 Sigismund I to István Brodarics [Cracow], [July 1523] Manuscript used: BJ 6556 fol. 74v–75r. 1 1. Brodarics is thanked for his help so far regarding the matters of the bishoprics of Płock and Przemiśl. Following Brodarics’ advice, he uses a softer tone in writing to the Pope, even though he already displayed more self-control than what was suggested by his subjects in a matter in which his country

of the bishoprics of Płock and Przemiśl. Following Brodarics’ advice, he uses a softer tone in writing to the Pope, even though he already displayed more self-control than what was suggested by his subjects in a matter in which his country and his adherents are wronged. – 2. Brodarics is asked to settle matters of the two bishoprics without further delay or difficulties; benefices of the Canon of Cracow should be sent to Opaliński. Reverende sincere nobis Dilecte. [1.] Agimus et habemus gratias, quod negotium episcopatus Plocensis eo

remarked that Sigismund uses quite rough language in his letters. (Compare: AT VI. 223.) 4 Sebastian (Opalencki) Opaliński (around 1485–1538), Canon of Cracow, later Custos of Poznań, Royal Secretary. Sigismund informed Bishop of Przemiśl Rafał Leszczyński already in October 1522 that he is supposed to give up his prebend as Canon of Cracow simultaneously with his appointment to the Płock bishopric, so that the King can decide about it freely. (Compare: AT VI. 132–133.) 2  1  Another

MOL DF 82611 Published: Lukcsics Pál, XVI. századi magyar irodalomtörténeti vonatkozású újabb levelek a zsélyi levéltárból, Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 1930, 222–223. In Hungarian: V. Kovács Sándor, Magyar humanisták levelei XV–XVI. század, Budapest, 1971, 559. 1. Várdai is informed that Archdean and Hungarian confessor in Rome János Lászai has been buried. Brodarics wants to recommend Imre Kálnai for the position to the Pope. He requests Várdai’s support so that the position does not fall into the hands of foreigners. – 2. He assumes, Várdai has learnt

Lászai has been buried. Brodarics wants to recommend Imre Kálnai for the position to the Pope. He requests Várdai’s support so that the position does not fall into the hands of foreigners. – 2. He assumes, Várdai has learnt about the pact among Christian rulers reached on 5 August, which is favourable to Hungary. Reverendissime et Colendissime Domine. Post humilem commendationem. [1.] Hodie sepelivimus dominum Ioannem archidiaconum Vestrae Dominationis Reverendissimae penitentiarium. 2 Eius archidiaconatus ne ad manus alienas perveniret, et

Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 1930, 222. His other letters are kept in the MOL: Padua, 20 March 1500. DL 82163; 19 January 1503. DL 82195; and 21 January DL 82196; Bologna, 23 July 1503. DL 82199; Venice, 3 September 1503 DL 82201; Bologna, 20 April 1504. DL 82207.) After his return home, he is Royal Secretary first, then Treasurer, later Bishop of Vác, then of Transylvania. Compare: Borsa Gedeon, Bornemisza Pál megemlékezése Várdai Ferencről és a többi Mohács előtti bolognai, magyar vonatkozású nyomtatvány. Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 1983, 48–58. 2  János

the Cardinals have been in conclave since 1 October. Some suspect that they are waiting for the outcomeof the case of the French at Milan, so the election process may last for several further months. – 2. Sigismund’s letter on the Płock annata has been received. However, as long as there is no new Pope nothing can be done. He hopes Sigismund can reach an agreement at least with his cousin King Louis so that money allotted for the defence of Christianity gets to the proper place. – 3. The French are near Milan but suffer more damage than they cause. According to the Milan envoy

Sigismund can reach an agreement at least with his cousin King Louis so that money allotted for the defence of Christianity gets to the proper place. – 3. The French are near Milan but suffer more damage than they cause. According to the Milan envoy they will soon withdraw since the French King is in the grip of a Spanish-English-German alliance. Serenissime Princeps, et Domine, Domine mihi Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae Maiestatis humillimam commendationem. 4 post te BCzart TN 35: a add. 5 hoc: haec

István Brodarics to Ferenc Várdai 1 Rome, 16 November 1523 Manuscript used: MOL DF 826212 Published: Lukcsics Pál, XVI. századi magyar irodalomtörténeti vonatkozású újabb levelek a zsélyi levéltárból, Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 1930, 223–225. 1. Várdai is informed in detail on the outcome of the trial about the will of János Lászai and on Várdai’s duties regarding this. He suggests accepting the agreement offered, since he cannot expect a better deal: the Pauline Fathers should get their 60 forints that is due, and the 200 forints that

1930, 223–225. 1. Várdai is informed in detail on the outcome of the trial about the will of János Lászai and on Várdai’s duties regarding this. He suggests accepting the agreement offered, since he cannot expect a better deal: the Pauline Fathers should get their 60 forints that is due, and the 200 forints that Lászai owed them according to his will. – 2. He asks Várdai to send also the 16 forints that Kálnai borrowed for the journey home and for which Brodarics vouched. – 3. There is still no Pope; the French are stationed at Milan; the Emperor is about to intrude

he cannot expect a better deal: the Pauline Fathers should get their 60 forints that is due, and the 200 forints that Lászai owed them according to his will. – 2. He asks Várdai to send also the 16 forints that Kálnai borrowed for the journey home and for which Brodarics vouched. – 3. There is still no Pope; the French are stationed at Milan; the Emperor is about to intrude in France from Navarra. – 4. Kálnai is brought into his attention again. Kálnai’s loyalty and knowledge make him worthy of becoming Archdean of Telegd. Reverendissime Domine, Domine

60 forints that is due, and the 200 forints that Lászai owed them according to his will. – 2. He asks Várdai to send also the 16 forints that Kálnai borrowed for the journey home and for which Brodarics vouched. – 3. There is still no Pope; the French are stationed at Milan; the Emperor is about to intrude in France from Navarra. – 4. Kálnai is brought into his attention again. Kálnai’s loyalty and knowledge make him worthy of becoming Archdean of Telegd. Reverendissime Domine, Domine mihi Colendissime. [1.] Iam binas dedi

owed them according to his will. – 2. He asks Várdai to send also the 16 forints that Kálnai borrowed for the journey home and for which Brodarics vouched. – 3. There is still no Pope; the French are stationed at Milan; the Emperor is about to intrude in France from Navarra. – 4. Kálnai is brought into his attention again. Kálnai’s loyalty and knowledge make him worthy of becoming Archdean of Telegd. Reverendissime Domine, Domine mihi Colendissime. [1.] Iam binas dedi litteras 3 ad Dominationem Vestram Reverendissimam de ea re, de

plebani pridem mortui executores ita facta est, ut ipsi litem Dominationi Vestrae Reverendissimae amplius ne faciant sub poena dupli eius summae, quam Dominationem Vestram Reverendissimam solvere constitutum est, cuius rei obligationem manu sua scriptam is, cuius maxime interest, executor mihi dedit. Rursum, ut Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima per totum hoc tempus, usque ad finem Martii sexaginta florenos in auro huc mittat, non executoribus, ipsi enim neque unum obulum sibi dari ex iis petunt, sed coenobio fratrum Hungarorum de Caelio Monte, in

illud tempus Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima pecuniam illam non miserit, ut liceat illis rursus de integro contra Dominationem Vestram Reverendissimam procedere et litigare. Quapropter Dominatio On Várdai see the note for Brodarics’ letter on 18 August. The text in the document is severely damaged at several places. 3  Concerning János Lászai, we only know a letter from Brodarics to Várdai on 18 August. The conflict concerning the will is not mentioned in that one, so here Brodarics is referring to two lost letters. 4  Imre Kálnai. About him also see the notes for

litigare. Quapropter Dominatio On Várdai see the note for Brodarics’ letter on 18 August. The text in the document is severely damaged at several places. 3  Concerning János Lászai, we only know a letter from Brodarics to Várdai on 18 August. The conflict concerning the will is not mentioned in that one, so here Brodarics is referring to two lost letters. 4  Imre Kálnai. About him also see the notes for the letter on 18 August 1523. 5  Cardinal Giulio de Medici, cousin of the previous Medici Pope, Leo X. 6  After the death of Hadrian VI the conclave gathered on

Várdai see the note for Brodarics’ letter on 18 August. The text in the document is severely damaged at several places. 3  Concerning János Lászai, we only know a letter from Brodarics to Várdai on 18 August. The conflict concerning the will is not mentioned in that one, so here Brodarics is referring to two lost letters. 4  Imre Kálnai. About him also see the notes for the letter on 18 August 1523. 5  Cardinal Giulio de Medici, cousin of the previous Medici Pope, Leo X. 6  After the death of Hadrian VI the conclave gathered on 1 October. Exactly the above mentioned Giulio

pontificis electionem, 8 ut cum eo quoque agerem. Ceterum quoniam res ita nobis successit, ut neque pontifex eam commodius expedire potuisset, non putabam mihi diutius exspectandum, ne impensis inanibus per servitorem suum Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima gravaretur, praesertim quod iam is sibi impensas deficere querebatur. Nam quod Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima litem extingui pontificis auctoritate sperabat contra voluntatem executorum, mihi non modo difficile, verum etiam impossibile videtur, alioqui iniustum [...]

25 István Brodarics to Sigismund I Rome, 11 December 1523 Manuscript used: BN T. 5. fol. 40r. Published: Acta Tomiciana VI. 345–346. 1. He believes, he can report good news soon, since the new Pope Clement VII is ready to fulfil all of Sigismund’s wishes. – 2. There are no new pieces of news; the French are still in Italy; the Pope, partly due to Brodarics’ prompting, instructed three Cardinals to work on creating peace among Christian rulers, hopefully with good results.

commendo. Quam Deus felicissimam et incolumem conservet. Ex Urbe XI. Decembris 1523. Eiusdem Vestrae Maiestatis servitor et capellanus humillimus Stephanus Brodericus praepositus Quinqueecclesiensis, orator 1  His identity is uncertain. He may be Stanisław Sprowa or perhaps Royal Secretary Stanisław Tarło. Both executed diplomatic tasks several times. 2  Cardinal Giulio de Medici, cousin of Pope Leo X, was elected Pope after the death of Hadrian VI on 19 November 1523. 3  I have found no further data about the

Manuscript used: BN T. 5. fol. 41r–v. Published: Acta Tomiciana VI. 348. 1. Nothing has been achieved concerning the Płock annata. The annata for Płock have always been 2000 ducats, and if Alexander VI or any other Pope asked for less on one or two occasions, this does not change what is due officially. On the other hand there is good news: Tomicki has been appointed Bishop of Cracow. – 2. The Pope and the Cardinals are equally inclined towards peace. However, chances are small for this to happen because the French King and his opponents stubbornly cling to their demands.

Published: Acta Tomiciana VI. 348. 1. Nothing has been achieved concerning the Płock annata. The annata for Płock have always been 2000 ducats, and if Alexander VI or any other Pope asked for less on one or two occasions, this does not change what is due officially. On the other hand there is good news: Tomicki has been appointed Bishop of Cracow. – 2. The Pope and the Cardinals are equally inclined towards peace. However, chances are small for this to happen because the French King and his opponents stubbornly cling to their demands. Sigismund and Louis have to find other ways of

certis serenissimus quoque frater noster, archidux Austriae 5 cognovisset, misit et ipse ad Sanctissimum Dominum Nostrum 6 oratorem, 7 quod pro avertendis periculis aperte imminentibus opportunum Sedis Apostolicae praesidium imploraret. Tecum is ex mandato sui principis consilia communicabit, tecum una ad Sanctitatem Domini Nostri et ad reverendissimos dominos cardinales accedet. Vide, ne illi usquam desis, agitur commune utriusque nostrum negotium. Hostis instat, tempus breve est. Vos ita provinciam vestram administretis, ut, quod ab

and Vincenzo Baldi. Domine Theoderice. Ego sum contentus, quod illa pecunia domini Ioannis penitenciarii 2 Hungari, ducati videlicet centum quadraginta septem deponantur in Banco Altoviti 3 iuxta voluntatem Identification is not so simple because Lénárt Barlabási filled the position of Vice-Voivod in Transylvania from as early as 1501 until his death in 1525. However, Szapolyai had two Vice-Voivods after his appointment in 1510. In 1524, the other Vice-Voivod was István Tomori. Compare: Kubinyi András, A

(szervitoraik), Publicationes Universitatis Miskolciensis, Sectio Philosophica, Tom. XIII., Fasciculus 3., Miskolc, 2008, 244–246. 11  János Szapolyai, Count of Szepes, Transylvanian Voivod, Hungarian King after the death of Louis. 12  The enclosures mentioned by Louis are unknown. There is no further data on Theodor Vafer, Notary of the Apostolic Chamber. Hungarian confessor in Rome János Lászai died on 17 August 1523. Regarding his death see two letters by Brodarics to Transylvanian Bishop Ferenc Várdai. 13  The banking house operated by Bindo Altoviti of Florence was a

29 István Brodarics to Archduke Ferdinand 1 Rome, 29 February 1524 Manuscript used: MOL, DF 276068 1. He informs Ferdinand that the Count of Cordoba will give a detailed report of the news; even though the tenths will be collected, there is still little hope [for saving Hungary] if there will be no peace among Christian rulers. – 2. News came from Spalato, Croatia, to Venice that the Sanjak-Bey of Bosnia sent major infantry force to besiege Klissa and he will soon follow with a major force of cavalry. According to news from

– 2. News came from Spalato, Croatia, to Venice that the Sanjak-Bey of Bosnia sent major infantry force to besiege Klissa and he will soon follow with a major force of cavalry. According to news from Constantinople, the Turks are busy with preparations both on land and water. Pope Clement is trying to bring food and ammunition to the besieged Klissa, but it is feared that it will arrive late. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine mihi Gratiosissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae Serenitatis humillimam commendationem. [1.] Ad

of Bosnia sent major infantry force to besiege Klissa and he will soon follow with a major force of cavalry. According to news from Constantinople, the Turks are busy with preparations both on land and water. Pope Clement is trying to bring food and ammunition to the besieged Klissa, but it is feared that it will arrive late. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine mihi Gratiosissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae Serenitatis humillimam commendationem. [1.] Ad humanissimas litteras 2 Vestrae Serenitatis, quas modo

at the same time Vicar of Isvalies who became Bishop of Veszprém in 1508. Compare: Lakatos Bálint, Kálnai Imre királyi titkári és főesperesi kinevezése (1523–1525). Adalékok a pápaság magyar személyi politikájához Mohács előtt, Századok, 2010, 423. 1  The text of the letter is on the Internet, in a somewhat different variant, transcribed by Péter Tóth. http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/exempla.php 2  We do not know Ferdinand’s letter. servulum Vestrae Serenitatis. Illustris dominus meus, dominus comes de

army and liberated the castle on 10 April. Marko Perojević, Petar Kružić kapetan i knez grada Klisa. Zagreb, 1931, 67–70. 30 Louis II to István Brodarics Buda, 8 March 1524 Manuscript used: [Original is lost]1 Published: Georgius Pray, Epistolae procerum regni Hungariae I., Posonii,1806, 177–182. 1. The fall of Ostrovica raised concerns in Rome. It is serious loss indeed, but more will follow, because the country’s resources are not sufficient to contain the ever strengthening Turks. – 2.

30 Louis II to István Brodarics Buda, 8 March 1524 Manuscript used: [Original is lost]1 Published: Georgius Pray, Epistolae procerum regni Hungariae I., Posonii,1806, 177–182. 1. The fall of Ostrovica raised concerns in Rome. It is serious loss indeed, but more will follow, because the country’s resources are not sufficient to contain the ever strengthening Turks. – 2. 32,000 forints per year are spent on the borderland in Croatia only, even in peace time, and upholding Temesvár, Pétervárad, Szörény, and Titel,

resources are not sufficient to contain the ever strengthening Turks. – 2. 32,000 forints per year are spent on the borderland in Croatia only, even in peace time, and upholding Temesvár, Pétervárad, Szörény, and Titel, not to mention Jajca, costs enormous sums. So loosing Ostrovica is not due to negligence but to poverty. – 3. He is happy to hear that the Pope launched an investigation into the abuses around grain sent to Croatia, something that King Louis also called for. – 4. More favourable news about the situation in Hungary would probably boost the Pope’s good

ever strengthening Turks. – 2. 32,000 forints per year are spent on the borderland in Croatia only, even in peace time, and upholding Temesvár, Pétervárad, Szörény, and Titel, not to mention Jajca, costs enormous sums. So loosing Ostrovica is not due to negligence but to poverty. – 3. He is happy to hear that the Pope launched an investigation into the abuses around grain sent to Croatia, something that King Louis also called for. – 4. More favourable news about the situation in Hungary would probably boost the Pope’s good will, but this is possible only if His Holiness and

to negligence but to poverty. – 3. He is happy to hear that the Pope launched an investigation into the abuses around grain sent to Croatia, something that King Louis also called for. – 4. More favourable news about the situation in Hungary would probably boost the Pope’s good will, but this is possible only if His Holiness and Christian rulers help the country with deeds instead of lip service. – 5. He is pleased to hear that Legate Campeggio has arrive. He will hopefully be successful in combating Lutheran heresy and in stimulating German reigning princes to fight the Turks. He

grain sent to Croatia, something that King Louis also called for. – 4. More favourable news about the situation in Hungary would probably boost the Pope’s good will, but this is possible only if His Holiness and Christian rulers help the country with deeds instead of lip service. – 5. He is pleased to hear that Legate Campeggio has arrive. He will hopefully be successful in combating Lutheran heresy and in stimulating German reigning princes to fight the Turks. He instructed his envoys to negotiate with Campeggio as well as Ferdinand. – 6. He is sorry to hear that the Emperor and

instead of lip service. – 5. He is pleased to hear that Legate Campeggio has arrive. He will hopefully be successful in combating Lutheran heresy and in stimulating German reigning princes to fight the Turks. He instructed his envoys to negotiate with Campeggio as well as Ferdinand. – 6. He is sorry to hear that the Emperor and the French King are still at war with each other. Archduke Ferdinand is trying to mediate through Andreas da Burgo; Louis supports him in this. – 7. Louis has been informed about the peace agreement between Turkey and Persia and about the Sultan’s plans for

be successful in combating Lutheran heresy and in stimulating German reigning princes to fight the Turks. He instructed his envoys to negotiate with Campeggio as well as Ferdinand. – 6. He is sorry to hear that the Emperor and the French King are still at war with each other. Archduke Ferdinand is trying to mediate through Andreas da Burgo; Louis supports him in this. – 7. Louis has been informed about the peace agreement between Turkey and Persia and about the Sultan’s plans for attack. Brodarics should therefore do all he can for the papal aid together with Marsupino and da Burgo.

– 8. Even though the Sultan and the Shah signed peace, if the Pope agrees, it might still be useful to send Hannibal of Cyprus on a mission to Shah Sophi. – 9. He thanks the Pope for the money, weapons, and food sent to the Klissa castle with the help of Bishop of Scardona. – 10. Brodarics is forbidden to return home because of his tight financial situation since the Fuggers have been instructed to provide him with the needed money. Reverende Fidelis nobis Dilecte. [1.] Scribis gratulationem nostram Sanctissimo Domino Nostro fuisse iucundam, quae

correxi ex: Othrowyczo 4 capite del. BAV. Ottob., in marg. captae alia manu 5 cum: quam BAV Ottob. 1  The only known manuscript of the text survives in a codex in the Ottoboniana collection of the Vatican Library (BAV, Ottob. Lat. N. 2746. 44–46.), so it is, too, a replica, and is certainly not identical with the one György Pray, who was first to publish the letter, used. The manuscript in the Vatican is severely damaged, and the defects often make it senseless, so the basis for the present publication is the text published by Pray. In spite of

4 capite del. BAV. Ottob., in marg. captae alia manu 5 cum: quam BAV Ottob. 1  The only known manuscript of the text survives in a codex in the Ottoboniana collection of the Vatican Library (BAV, Ottob. Lat. N. 2746. 44–46.), so it is, too, a replica, and is certainly not identical with the one György Pray, who was first to publish the letter, used. The manuscript in the Vatican is severely damaged, and the defects often make it senseless, so the basis for the present publication is the text published by Pray. In spite of this, I indicate all the

known manuscript of the text survives in a codex in the Ottoboniana collection of the Vatican Library (BAV, Ottob. Lat. N. 2746. 44–46.), so it is, too, a replica, and is certainly not identical with the one György Pray, who was first to publish the letter, used. The manuscript in the Vatican is severely damaged, and the defects often make it senseless, so the basis for the present publication is the text published by Pray. In spite of this, I indicate all the differences from the manuscript in the Ottoboniana collection. 2  The castle of Ostrovica (Croatia) was overtaken by the Turks

(BAV, Ottob. Lat. N. 2746. 44–46.), so it is, too, a replica, and is certainly not identical with the one György Pray, who was first to publish the letter, used. The manuscript in the Vatican is severely damaged, and the defects often make it senseless, so the basis for the present publication is the text published by Pray. In spite of this, I indicate all the differences from the manuscript in the Ottoboniana collection. 2  The castle of Ostrovica (Croatia) was overtaken by the Turks in September 1523. 3  The Turkish army kept Klissa, the important fortress in Dalmatia under siege

I., Budapest, 2000, 23. 13  Thomas Crnić (Negri), Bishop of Scardona. Concerning him, see the relevant note for the letter dated 15 December 1523. 14  Concerning Klissa, see the previous letter. 15 Ludovicus Horrera (?). No data has been found about him. Perhaps the form of the name is incorrect. 16 Lorenzo Pucci. 17  The enclosures mentioned did not survive. 31 István Brodarics to Archduke Ferdinand 1 Rome, 3 May 1524 Manuscript used: MOL, DF 276077 He has learnt about

maiestatem regiam ac reginalem, dominos meos clementissimos, quam etiam ad magnificum dominum oratorem suum et 5 reverendissimum dominum 9  in marg. alia manu fiat, ut petitur. Scibatur viendum [?] ei 1  The letter, apart from some minor changes, is identical to the one sent to Polish King Sigismund the same day (except that the letter to Ferdinand does not have a postscript.) Not only the texts are identical but the ductus as well, so Brodarics’ scriptor wrote the same letter twice and sent both, one to Vienna, the other to Cracow. The

one sent to Polish King Sigismund the same day (except that the letter to Ferdinand does not have a postscript.) Not only the texts are identical but the ductus as well, so Brodarics’ scriptor wrote the same letter twice and sent both, one to Vienna, the other to Cracow. The only change he made is in the salutation: to the letters in Cracow it is Maiestas, since Sigismund was a King, while in the Vienna version it is Serenitas, because Ferdinand was only an Archduke in 1524. 2  Archbishop of Esztergom György Szatmári died on 7 April 1524. 3  In the letter to Cracow the word here is

that the letter to Ferdinand does not have a postscript.) Not only the texts are identical but the ductus as well, so Brodarics’ scriptor wrote the same letter twice and sent both, one to Vienna, the other to Cracow. The only change he made is in the salutation: to the letters in Cracow it is Maiestas, since Sigismund was a King, while in the Vienna version it is Serenitas, because Ferdinand was only an Archduke in 1524. 2  Archbishop of Esztergom György Szatmári died on 7 April 1524. 3  In the letter to Cracow the word here is nepote because Sigismund was the uncle of King

the texts are identical but the ductus as well, so Brodarics’ scriptor wrote the same letter twice and sent both, one to Vienna, the other to Cracow. The only change he made is in the salutation: to the letters in Cracow it is Maiestas, since Sigismund was a King, while in the Vienna version it is Serenitas, because Ferdinand was only an Archduke in 1524. 2  Archbishop of Esztergom György Szatmári died on 7 April 1524. 3  In the letter to Cracow the word here is nepote because Sigismund was the uncle of King Louis II while Ferdinand was his brother-in-law. 4  Brodarics had stayed

is in the salutation: to the letters in Cracow it is Maiestas, since Sigismund was a King, while in the Vienna version it is Serenitas, because Ferdinand was only an Archduke in 1524. 2  Archbishop of Esztergom György Szatmári died on 7 April 1524. 3  In the letter to Cracow the word here is nepote because Sigismund was the uncle of King Louis II while Ferdinand was his brother-in-law. 4  Brodarics had stayed in Rome since the spring of 1522 as an envoy of Louis II. 5  Johann Schnaidpeck von Schönkirchen, an envoy of the Emperor, stayed in the Buda castle since the autumn of

1522 as an envoy of Louis II. 5  Johann Schnaidpeck von Schönkirchen, an envoy of the Emperor, stayed in the Buda castle since the autumn of 1523. He had huge influence and was the permanent target of attacks from the opposition of lesser nobility. The part magnificum dominum oratorem suum et is missing from the Cracow letter, obviously because, unlike Ferdinand, Sigismund did not have an envoy in Buda. Compare: Kubinyi András, A magyar állam belpolitikai helyzete Mohács előtt = Rúzsás Lajos – Szakály Ferenc (eds., Mohács. Tanul mányok a mohácsi csata 450. évfordulója

get rearranged in such cases, he asks Ferdinand’ to intercede on his behalf for remembering the absent envoy in Buda so that the latter’s services are rewarded with a smaller benefice at least; he asks for this only to be able to represent the Hungarian King in Rome better. – 2. There is no news. The Emperor’s army is still besieging the French at Novara. – 3. He is sending a copy of the letter by Persian Shah Sophi addressed to the Emperor and Louis II to Sigismund. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine mihi Clementissime. Post servitutis

he asks Ferdinand’ to intercede on his behalf for remembering the absent envoy in Buda so that the latter’s services are rewarded with a smaller benefice at least; he asks for this only to be able to represent the Hungarian King in Rome better. – 2. There is no news. The Emperor’s army is still besieging the French at Novara. – 3. He is sending a copy of the letter by Persian Shah Sophi addressed to the Emperor and Louis II to Sigismund. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine mihi Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae

for remembering the absent envoy in Buda so that the latter’s services are rewarded with a smaller benefice at least; he asks for this only to be able to represent the Hungarian King in Rome better. – 2. There is no news. The Emperor’s army is still besieging the French at Novara. – 3. He is sending a copy of the letter by Persian Shah Sophi addressed to the Emperor and Louis II to Sigismund. Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine mihi Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae in gratiam Vestrae Maiestatis humillimam commendationem.

in omnes 6 László Szalkai (1475–1526), Bishop of Eger, Chancellor. He got archbishopric of Esztergom and the attached position of High Chancellor after Szatmári’s death. 7  It seems that Ferdinand fulfilled Brodarics’ request. On the margin of the letter it is written: fiat, ut petitur. 1  Another manuscript: BK 213 fol. 53–54; BJ 6549 III fol. 129–130; Libri Legationum vol. XXIII, fol. 45–46; BCzart TN 36. fol. 569–570. liberalitas ac munificentia spem mihi dat Vestram Maiestatem

33 István Brodarics to Sigismund I Rome, 7 May 1524 Manuscript used: BN T. 5. fol. 85r. 1 Published: Acta Tomiciana VII. 20. 1. News came from Constantinople that the Pasha of Cairo had been executed for revolting against the Sultan; the Pope, who is concerned that the Turks turn all their forces against Hungary, also confirmed this.; the Pope therefore does all he can and calls for peace among European rulers and also for sending aid to Hungary. – 2. The French suffered substantial defeat in Lombardy; nearly 1000 died, several officers

Ferdinandum del. suprascr. dominum meum Persian Shah Ismail Sophi I (1500–1524) was certainly in contact with Louis II in 1523. His envoy, a Maronite monk by the name of Peter of Lebanon, brought a letter to Louis from the Shah in 1523, in which there is allusion to the Shah’s previous letters to the Hungarian King. The monk who represented the Shah later spoke at the imperial assembly in Nuremberg in 1524, and tried to talk the Christian rulers into cooperation against the Turks. Because of the conflicts between the European powers nothing

him to Vienna to meet papal legate Campeggio and inform the latter about matters in Hungary and Bohemia. – 2. He assures the Pope that he and Chancellor Szalkai are both loyal to him. – 3. The Hungarians like Baron Burgio as if he was not from Sicily but Transylvania. – 4. Archduke Ferdinand is ready to protect Christianity at the cost of his life. Beatissime Pater ac Domine, Domine mihi semper Clementissime. Post oscula pedum Sanctitatis Vestrae beatorum et meae perpetuae servitutis in gratiam eiusdem humillimam commendationem. [1.] Miserat me his

(sine omni assentatione loquor) habet Vestra Sanctitas, ultra quam dici ac credi potest, in his rebus sedulum ac diligentem. Me minimum Vestrae Sanctitatis servulum tanto habet Vestra Sanctitas minus utilem, minorisque momenti, quanto me minorem istic mea Romana absentia esse voluit. Sum tamen is, qui cum vidua illa et ipse in gazophylacium minuta quanquam aera proicio, 5 et cum omni mentis sinceritate Vestrae Sanctitati ac Sanctae Sedi Apostolicae pro mea exilitate servio. [3.] Dominus baro 6 ita a nostris omnibus amatur, ut eum non in illa Sicilia, quae pars

discrimine tueri perpetuo velle. Eiusdem Vestrae Sanctitatis humillimus servulus Stephanus Brodericus praepositus Quinqueecclesiensis On the outer side: Sanctissimo Domino Nostro Papae, Domino mihi semper Clementissimo 25 post ut is del. 4  Archbishop of Esztergom László Szalkai. Compare: Lk, 21, 2 . 6  Papal Nuncio Baron Antonio Burgio. On his activities in Hungary see: Bartoniek Emma (ed.), Mohács Magyarországa. Báró Burgio pápai követ jelentései, Budapest, 1926., and

35 István Brodarics to Giovanni Salviati Buda, 4 November 1524 Manuscript used: ASF, Carte Strozziane, Serie I., Filza 152., fol. 9r., 12v. 1. He has received Salviati’s letter dated 7 October. There is hope for putting an end to the schism in Bohemia; at least Baron Burgio and Chancellor Szalkai are working on it zealously as can be seen in de Burgio’s letters. – 2. If peace cannot be created among contentious Christian rulers, only God knows what awaits Hungary next spring. – 3. He does

rebus sic stantibus in ver futurum sit, futurum de nobis, Deus novit. Ego magnitudinem periculorum considerans nihil boni possum sperare. Nisi Deus et Beata Virgo Sanctissimum Dominum Nostrum 5 adiuverit ad pacem faciendam. Salviati’s letter mentioned is unknown. Renewed negotiations began in 1524 between Utraquistas – who felt threatened by the Picards (Bohemian Brothers) and the Lutherans – and Catholics. László Szalkai, Bishop of Eger, later Archbishop of Esztergom took up the lion’s share of the talks hoping that the Holy Seat would

of Provost of Eger. In fact, Szatmári kept benefices of the bishopric until his death on 7 April 1524, so Csulai remained elected (electus) bishop. Papal confirmation became possible only after the death of Szatmári, and from Brodarics’ letter it seems it did not go smoothly either. That is why Brodarics asked for Salviati’s intervention. Some data suggest that it was unnecessary because Clement VII produced the bull that confirmed Csulai’s appointment on 26 October 1524. More on Csulai’s appointment as Bishop of Pécs: Fedeles Tamás, Egy Jagelló-kori humanista pályaképe.

Manuscript used: ASV, Principi, vol. 2. fol. 345r–v. 1. He can present the reasons for his delay to the Pope soon in person: he was about to leave when Cardinal Campeggio was called to Buda unexpectedly after Ferdinand’s sudden departure. Archbishop of Esztergom László Szalkai, who is ready to act according to the wishes of the papal court, was of great service in this. – 2. He will report on the situation here after arriving in Rome; he does not want to burden the Pope with a lengthy letter now; the Pope can learn the essentials from Archdean Imre. He expresses his

in this. – 2. He will report on the situation here after arriving in Rome; he does not want to burden the Pope with a lengthy letter now; the Pope can learn the essentials from Archdean Imre. He expresses his gratitude to the papal court and Baron Burgio for intervening on his behalf; now he is put under even stronger obligation if that is possible at all. Beatissime Pater, ac Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae ad pulveres pedum Vestrae Sanctitatis beatorum humillimam commendationem. [1.] Causas tam diuturnae meae

here after arriving in Rome; he does not want to burden the Pope with a lengthy letter now; the Pope can learn the essentials from Archdean Imre. He expresses his gratitude to the papal court and Baron Burgio for intervening on his behalf; now he is put under even stronger obligation if that is possible at all. Beatissime Pater, ac Domine, Domine Clementissime. Post servitutis meae perpetuae ad pulveres pedum Vestrae Sanctitatis beatorum humillimam commendationem. [1.] Causas tam diuturnae meae morae Vestra Sanctitas a me ipso brevi

37 István Brodarics to Giovanni Salviati Buda, 4 December 1524 Manuscript used: ASF, Carte Strozziane, Serie I., Filza 152., fol. 68r–v. 1 1. Salviati should get 110 Hungarian gold coins of Brodarics’ money given to the man of Burgio. – 2. Legate Campeggio is expected for Christmas. After Campeggio’s arrival he himself can set out for Rome. He would regret if he didn’t find Salviati in Rome. Reverendissime Domine, Domine Colendissime. Servitutis humillimam commendationem. [1.] De pecuniis meis,

a prebend as Canon of Esztergom. Louis II., however, made a promise to the Pope that he would raise Brodarics to Bishop status as soon as possible. Compare: Theiner Augustin, Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia, Romae, 1863. 585. The manuscript is damaged at some places. Louis invited Papal Legate Cardinal Campeggio to Buda in November, and Brodarics’ travel was postponed until his arrival. See the previous letter on this. 2 King 1 

in Lombardy. The Pope finally appointed the Cardinal as Legate after the French defeat (24 February 1525), in a very different situation, only on 5 May 1525. On Salviati’s activities as legate see Brodarics’ letters to Sigismund I on 17 May 1525 and to Salviati on 20 May 1525. 1  There is no date on the document, and we only know from a remark of the relator Brodarics that King Louis sanctioned the request on 9 December 1524. 2 István Révay (?–after 1545), first Captain in Újlak, then, after Mohács, Captain in Siklós in the service of Péter Perényi. He enters the

Concessit Maiestas Regia in profesto cathedrae Sancti Petri Apostoli 1525. Stephanus Brodericus secretarius 19 Concessit... Brodaryth doctor secretarius manu Broderici 10 Concessit... Brodericus secretarius manu Broderici 1  There is no date on the document, and we only know from a remark of the relator Brodarics that King Louis sanctioned the request on 21 February 1525. 2  Both reference the same manuscript. 3  István Szenterzsébeti Terjék, nobleman from Zala county. His sister Orsolya is the mother of Tamás

1  There is no date on the document, and we only know from a remark of the relator Brodarics that King Louis sanctioned the request on 21 February 1525. 2  Both reference the same manuscript. 3  István Szenterzsébeti Terjék, nobleman from Zala county. His sister Orsolya is the mother of Tamás Nádasdy, so he is the uncle of the future Palatine. Student at the Vienna university in 1494. Tenant of the Zalavár abbey with his father from 1518. Compare: Füssy Tamás, A zalavári apátság története (A pannonhalmi Szent Benedek-rend története, VII.), Budapest,

on the document, and we only know from a remark of the relator Brodarics that King Louis sanctioned the request on 21 February 1525. 2  Both reference the same manuscript. 3  István Szenterzsébeti Terjék, nobleman from Zala county. His sister Orsolya is the mother of Tamás Nádasdy, so he is the uncle of the future Palatine. Student at the Vienna university in 1494. Tenant of the Zalavár abbey with his father from 1518. Compare: Füssy Tamás, A zalavári apátság története (A pannonhalmi Szent Benedek-rend története, VII.), Budapest, 1902, 110–114. 4  Ferenc Révay was

the notes for the previous letter. 40 Sigismund I to István Brodarics Cracow, [April 1525]1 Manuscript used: BJ 6556 fol. 8v. 1. He has heard from Statileo that Brodarics is in Rome again as an envoy, something which he heard with satisfaction knowing Brodarics’ loyalty. – 2. He asks Brodarics to keep representing him and his subjects in their affairs and to keep informing him about developments. Reverende sincere nobis

used: BJ 6556 fol. 16r–v. 1. He has learnt that the Observant Franciscans in Rome are trying to procure monasteries of the Conventuals in Bohemia and Poland, and it seems as if this was the intention of Sigismund too. – 2. He requests Brodarics to take steps against this, because this is exactly the opposite of what Sigismund wants who regards Conventuals highly because they are of great help in the fight against spreading heresy. Their Provincial, Marcus de Torre has a high reputation all over the country, so his withdrawal would be a serious loss for the Church here.

spreading heresy. Their Provincial, Marcus de Torre has a high reputation all over the country, so his withdrawal would be a serious loss for the Church here. abstract of Statileo’s letter forwarded by Brodarics enclosed to his letter to Cardinal Salviati on 20 May. 2  It is the war between the Teutonic Order and Poland (1519–21) which ended with the Knights’ defeat. 3  10 April 1525. 1  Date uncertain. Brodarics says in his letter on 17 May that he received several letters but we cannot be sure that he refers to these two. 1 

tuo etiam atque etiam commendamus. 43 István Brodarics to Sigismund I 1 Rome, 17 May 1525 Manuscript used: BN T. 6. fol. 33r–v. 2 1. He received several letters from Sigismund in recent days in which he is requested to intervene in certain affairs; he is happy to do this. – 2. He thanks for Sigismund’s intervention on his behalf with Louis II; he strives to repay Sigismund’s goodwill. – 3. According to Johannes Rudniczki’s report, the King’s request has been in part fulfilled, in part

43 István Brodarics to Sigismund I 1 Rome, 17 May 1525 Manuscript used: BN T. 6. fol. 33r–v. 2 1. He received several letters from Sigismund in recent days in which he is requested to intervene in certain affairs; he is happy to do this. – 2. He thanks for Sigismund’s intervention on his behalf with Louis II; he strives to repay Sigismund’s goodwill. – 3. According to Johannes Rudniczki’s report, the King’s request has been in part fulfilled, in part it will be put forward to the Pope tomorrow by

to repay Sigismund’s goodwill. – 3. According to Johannes Rudniczki’s report, the King’s request has been in part fulfilled, in part it will be put forward to the Pope tomorrow by Brodarics and Cardinal Pucci; Sigismund will be informed about the Pope’s answer promptly. – 4. The Pope is relentless in his attempts to create peace between the Emperor and the French King; Cardinal Giovanni Salviati has been ordered to stay with the Emperor as a legate; Brodarics has been sent with him. – 5. He trusts that peace can be attained; he wrote a ciphered letter about this to Bishop of

him. – 5. He trusts that peace can be attained; he wrote a ciphered letter about this to Bishop of Przemiśl Andrzej Krzycki; he trusts this most of all because of the noble heart of the French King with whom he negotiated not long ago and has written about it to Sigismund. If it fails there is no other way of saving Hungary than what he had already written to Sigismund [peace agreement with the Turks]; he wishes this had been done before losing Belgrade and Szörényvár, since nobody cares about the Hungarians, they all care only about themselves. – 7. All kinds of unbelievable

been done before losing Belgrade and Szörényvár, since nobody cares about the Hungarians, they all care only about themselves. – 7. All kinds of unbelievable things are being written about the German peasants’ war, but he believes that Sigismund has more information on this than he has; it is also said that the Turks will not attack Hungary this year but this is consolation only inasmuch as it gives some respite. – 8. If there is a need for intervention regarding the Duchy of Bari, he asks Sigismund to let him know; if he happens to be away from Rome, his fellow envoy Francesco

about the Hungarians, they all care only about themselves. – 7. All kinds of unbelievable things are being written about the German peasants’ war, but he believes that Sigismund has more information on this than he has; it is also said that the Turks will not attack Hungary this year but this is consolation only inasmuch as it gives some respite. – 8. If there is a need for intervention regarding the Duchy of Bari, he asks Sigismund to let him know; if he happens to be away from Rome, his fellow envoy Francesco Marsupino or Cardinal Lorenzo Pucci will forward letters addressed to

kinds of unbelievable things are being written about the German peasants’ war, but he believes that Sigismund has more information on this than he has; it is also said that the Turks will not attack Hungary this year but this is consolation only inasmuch as it gives some respite. – 8. If there is a need for intervention regarding the Duchy of Bari, he asks Sigismund to let him know; if he happens to be away from Rome, his fellow envoy Francesco Marsupino or Cardinal Lorenzo Pucci will forward letters addressed to him. Turri or Marcus de Torre, Franciscan monk born in Venice,

University in 1519. He was confessor of Bona Sforza, so he had excellent relationship with the Polish court. See also AT V. 242., 253.; AT VI. 268., 306.; AT VII. 63., 83., and Fraknói Vilmos, Magyarországi pápai követek jelentései... 324. 1  The text of the letter is on the Internet, in a somewhat different variant, transcribed by Péter Tóth. http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/exempla.php. 2  Further manuscripts: BK 213fol. 525–527; BJ 6549 fol. 546–548; BCzart TN 37. fol. 259–262. 2 Marcus

videtur. [8.] De rebus Barensis 13 scio Vestram Maiestatem a suis fieri certiorem. Si mihi ad caesarem eundum fuerit, et si quid me ibi Vestra Maiestas sibi in hoc servire voluerit, Krzycki, Bishop of Przemiśl. Brodarics uses cipher in several letters, which is only partially deciphered so far. 18  Brodarics visited the French King imprisoned by Charles V after the battle of Pavia (24 February 1525) in the town of Pizzighettone. Unfortunately, he misjudged Francis’ “noble heart”: he would recall this encounter in his report on the Battle of

1. He had no time to write a letter since he has arrived to Rome; on the other hand, he hasn’t received any news from Hungary. – 2. King of Poland made peace with the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; more detail in the attached document. – 3. He hopes that Salviati’s mission for peace is on the right track. The Pope ordered Brodarics to join him for the time of the talks. – 3. Pietro Antoni Berri of Parma, envoy of Louis II to Salviati, has arrived in Rome. He asks Salviati to arrange a smaller benefice for Berri in his birthplace. Reverendissime

Sedem spem ponebat, in hanc pacem concedente. 10 23 utuntur del. suprascr. scribitur 15  Demands of noblemen included allotment of tenths to the maintenance of border fortresses, but no decision was made due to the protests. It is true that high priests could not get the tenths due before. Compare: Kubinyi, A magyar állam belpolitikai... 90. 16  Imperial envoy Hans Schneidpöck. 17  Envoy of Venice Vicenzo Guidoto left Hungary on 25 July 1525 in accordance to the decree of the national

11  46 Sigismund I to István Brodarics Cracow, [12 June 1525]1 Manuscript used: BN T. 28. fol. 143r. 2 Published: Acta Tomiciana VII. 290. 1. He was pleased to hear that Brodarics is also sent to the Emperor with Salviati. He asks Brodarics to present the case of the Duchy of Bari to Charles. He was deprived of it without explanation, even though it was the Emperor himself who put him into its possession. He

47 István Brodarics to Sigismund I Rome, 4 July 1525 Manuscript used: BN T. 6. fol. 43r–v. 1 Published: Acta Tomiciana VII. 304–305. 1. He has received Sigismund’s letter dated 12 June. The matter of the Duchy of Bari is going well, he was informed that it was passed to the representative of Sigismund. Regardless of this, he will do everything that Sigismund and Bona Sforza commit him to do. Cardinal Salviati will represent Sigismund in front of the Emperor in the case of the Duchy of Bari following instructions

against Turkey by themselves could have helped reconciliation more than anybody else’s. – 3. The Pope received Sigismund’s excuses for starting peace negotiations with the Turks and the Teutonic Order with understanding. He would not be surprised if Louis II acted likewise. He knows that it is not their fault, since they have been containing enemies of Christianity for years by themselves, but it is the fault of other rulers who were impossible to persuade about the necessity of peace among them. – 4. The Pope’s position on the Knighthood has not changed and whatever he may write

Sigismund’s excuses for starting peace negotiations with the Turks and the Teutonic Order with understanding. He would not be surprised if Louis II acted likewise. He knows that it is not their fault, since they have been containing enemies of Christianity for years by themselves, but it is the fault of other rulers who were impossible to persuade about the necessity of peace among them. – 4. The Pope’s position on the Knighthood has not changed and whatever he may write after the College of Cardinals, his intention is the same. Brodarics wishes King Louis followed

enemies of Christianity for years by themselves, but it is the fault of other rulers who were impossible to persuade about the necessity of peace among them. – 4. The Pope’s position on the Knighthood has not changed and whatever he may write after the College of Cardinals, his intention is the same. Brodarics wishes King Louis followed Sigismund’s example in the matter of armistice with the Turks because if he does not do this in the hope of some support, the country’s fall is to be feared. – 5. He has no news on King Francis being taken to Spain. Hope for peace has not

the Knighthood has not changed and whatever he may write after the College of Cardinals, his intention is the same. Brodarics wishes King Louis followed Sigismund’s example in the matter of armistice with the Turks because if he does not do this in the hope of some support, the country’s fall is to be feared. – 5. He has no news on King Francis being taken to Spain. Hope for peace has not evaporated completely, but has diminished considerably. Janissaries in Constantinople rose demanding higher pay. Several houses were ransacked, that of Pasha Ibrahim among them. The Sultan suppressed

not evaporated completely, but has diminished considerably. Janissaries in Constantinople rose demanding higher pay. Several houses were ransacked, that of Pasha Ibrahim among them. The Sultan suppressed the revolt with great difficulties and had to fulfil the demands of the soldiers. King Francis is said to have arrived in Barcelona on 17 June. 5 Serenissime Princeps et Domine, Domine mihi Clementissime. Post mei et servitiorum meorum in gratiam Vestrae Maiestatis humillimam commendationem. [1.] Accepi nudius tertius litteras

nunc inter se tractatibus alienam. Non enim dubito Vestrarum Maiestatum auctoritatem, qui soli cum vestris subditis sustinetis pondus diei et aestus, multum potuisse illos monere, et plus quam omnium reliquorum principum auctoritatem. Sed ego haec me prudentioribus relinquo iudicanda. Ego is sum, cui quicquid per Vestras Maiestates oneris, quod humeri mei ferre possint, iniungetur, libens feram etiam si longe ultra Hispanias mihi esset in servitiis Vestrarum Maiestatum eundum. Et quidem de his ac de negotio Barensi hactenus. Venio ad alia. [3.] Cum pontifex litteras de

coactum id facere, quod milites postulaverant. Haec pro re vera et certa huc scripta fuerunt. 10 50 Reverendissimus dominus Premisliensis habet has notas in marg. eadam manu add. 17  multa tamen... gravissime deliquisse – this is written in cipher in the original. (I am indebted for decoding the cipher to Hanna Vámos and István Vadai.) 18  Albrecht von Brandenburg (1490–1568), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, brother of Georg von Brandenburg who played an important role in Hungary. Maximilian I

In April 1525 he gave fealty to the Polish King. More about this: Marian Biskup, Das Ende des Deutschordensstaates Preussen im Jahre 1525 = Josef Flenckenstein–Manfred Hellman (hrsg.), Die geistlichen Ritterorden Europas, Sigmaringen, 1980, 403–416. 19  In the decoded text there is a graphic sign in the middle of the group of characters decoded as illum illum that is not a letter. We might conclude than that illum illum stands for the name of Albrecht von Brandenburg. 10  The riot of the janissaries, who had been discontent because there had been no

des Deutschordensstaates Preussen im Jahre 1525 = Josef Flenckenstein–Manfred Hellman (hrsg.), Die geistlichen Ritterorden Europas, Sigmaringen, 1980, 403–416. 19  In the decoded text there is a graphic sign in the middle of the group of characters decoded as illum illum that is not a letter. We might conclude than that illum illum stands for the name of Albrecht von Brandenburg. 10  The riot of the janissaries, who had been discontent because there had been no campaigns since the occupation of Rhodos back in 1522, erupted in March 1525 in Istanbul.

inter caesarem et Anglum et meliori spe pacis, quae omnia credo esse vana. Si Maiestas Vestra faciet pacem, et si non vult extremum excidium nepotis sui et regnorum eius, includendus videtur ipse quoque et regna illius in hanc pacem. It is not placed with the text of the letter but in a separate volume (BN. T. 28. fol. 164r). We do not have the slip of paper with the cipher, only the deciphered text can be read. At the same time, the legate mentioned is definitely Brodarics, since the reference is to the younger cousin of

et regna illius in hanc pacem. It is not placed with the text of the letter but in a separate volume (BN. T. 28. fol. 164r). We do not have the slip of paper with the cipher, only the deciphered text can be read. At the same time, the legate mentioned is definitely Brodarics, since the reference is to the younger cousin of Sigismund, Louis II, and his envoy was Brodarics. The fact that this slip of paper belongs to this particular letter follows from subsequent manuscripts (BK 213 fol. 539; BJ 6549 fol. 572). Another manuscript: BCzart TN 37.

It is not placed with the text of the letter but in a separate volume (BN. T. 28. fol. 164r). We do not have the slip of paper with the cipher, only the deciphered text can be read. At the same time, the legate mentioned is definitely Brodarics, since the reference is to the younger cousin of Sigismund, Louis II, and his envoy was Brodarics. The fact that this slip of paper belongs to this particular letter follows from subsequent manuscripts (BK 213 fol. 539; BJ 6549 fol. 572). Another manuscript: BCzart TN 37. fol. 869.

48 Bona Sforza 1 to István Brodarics Cracow, 5 July 1525 Manuscript used: BCzart TN 37. fol. 355. 2 Published: Acta Tomiciana VII. 299. Brodarics has been very industrious in the matter of the Duchy of Bari. Bona Sforza is asking him to help their envoy Johannes Dantiscus in every possible way. 5 Bona, Dei gratia regina Poloniae, magna dux Lithvaniae, Russiae, Prussiaeque etc. domina. Reverende Pater, Domine sincere nobis Dilecte. Scimus nos

Sforza and Isabella of Aragon. Wife of Polish King Sigismund from 1517. More on her life: Władisław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494–1557) I–IV, Poznań, 1949–1958. 2  The manuscript in the Naruszewicz Collection served as the basis of publication. Since this is a replica from the 18th century, I gave variants of the text published in volume VII of Acta Tomiciana in the critical apparatus, because that one is based on a codex from Kórnik from the 16th or 17th century. According to Władisław Pociecha (Władisław Pociecha, Królowa Bona... 545.),

Poznań, 1949–1958. 2  The manuscript in the Naruszewicz Collection served as the basis of publication. Since this is a replica from the 18th century, I gave variants of the text published in volume VII of Acta Tomiciana in the critical apparatus, because that one is based on a codex from Kórnik from the 16th or 17th century. According to Władisław Pociecha (Władisław Pociecha, Królowa Bona... 545.), this letter has a replica in the Czartoryski Library, on page 62 of manuscript 3645. However, in the catalogue of manuscripts in the Czartoryski Library

49 István Brodarics to Sigismund I Rome, 4 August 1525 Manuscript used: BN T. 6. fol. 58r. 1 Published: Acta Tomiciana VII. 318. He has no new information since his last letter. He has heard that the riot is calming down slowly; Archduke Ferdinand’s troops set out to rescue Archbishop of Salzburg, who is being besieged by peasants. 5 Sacra Regia Maiestas et Domine, Domine mihi Gratiosissime. Post mei et servitiorum meorum in

I Rome, 4 August 1525 Manuscript used: BN T. 6. fol. 58r. 1 Published: Acta Tomiciana VII. 318. He has no new information since his last letter. He has heard that the riot is calming down slowly; Archduke Ferdinand’s troops set out to rescue Archbishop of Salzburg, who is being besieged by peasants. 5 Sacra Regia Maiestas et Domine, Domine mihi Gratiosissime. Post mei et servitiorum meorum in gratiam Vestrae Maiestatis humillimam commendationem. Nunc nihil est quod scribam, nisi

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