Osijek

 

Location: Osijek – Mursa

Mursa was one of the prominent towns on the Danubian limes. It was located on the southern bank of the river Drava (Dravus flumen). It is believed that during the reign of Trajan  a military camp was established in Osijek due to Dacian wars. At the time of Hadrian, probably in 133, Mursa was raised to the status of a colony and this it became Colonia Aelia Mursa in which a beneficiary station was located for a long time. Both old drawings and archaeological excavations suggest that Roman Mursa went through several phases of development (from the period of Hadrians rule to the incursion of Visigoths, after 378 AD). The changes were reflected in the diameter of the town walls. The remains of the six stone supports of the Roman bridge over the Drava were demolished in 1938 because they obstructed the navigation of the river Drava. A number of important roads went through Mursa (Poetovio – Mursa – Sirmium;  Emona – Siscia – Sirmium; Cannabiaca – Aquiuncum – Taurunum).

Several important historical events are associated with Mursa, e. g.  in 259 AD, Galienus defeated Ingenuus and in 352 Constantinus II defeated Magnentius. On 1st March 350, Vetranius proclaimed himself emperor in Mursa.

The founding of the city is dated into the end of the 1st c. AD, i . e. beginning of the 2nd c. AD.

Military units:

legio I Adiutrix, legio  II Adiutrix, legio IV ?, legio VI Herculia, legio V Macedonica, legio VII Claudia pia fidelis, legio X Gemina, legio XIII Gemina, legio XIV Gemina, cohors II Alpinorum equitata, cohors II Asturum, ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum, classis Histrica.

Literary sources:

Ptol. Geogr. II 15,4; VIII 7,7, It. Ant. 131,1; 232,6; 243,5; 265,10; 267,3, It. Hieros. 562,13, Aur. Vict. Ep. 33,2; 41,25; 42,4, Eutr. 9,8; 10,12, Sulp. Sev. Chron. II 38,4,5, Iulian. Or. I 44 – 47, 60, 72 – 78,  Tab. Peut. VI 2, Amm. Marc. 15,5,33, Not. Dign. occ. 32,52, Steph. Byz. 2.458, Oros. VII 22,10 VII 29,12, Prosp. Tiro Ep. Chron. 1078, 1082 p. 454, Sozom. H. e. III 12; IV 7,17, Socr. H. e. II 32, Zosim. II 43 1; 45,3,49,3; 50,1,2,4, Geogr. Rav. IV 19, Zonar. XIII 8,5,-18

Archaeological monuments:

Grave monuments: CIL III 3284 = HD074766; CIL III 15144 = HD075013 = lupa 26293; CIL III 15145 = HD075014 = lupa 26287; CIL III 15147 = HD075015 = lupa 26289; CIL III 10273 = HD075036 = lupa 26425; CIL III 3285 = HD074768; CIL III 3296 = HD074782; CIL III 10270 = ILJug 3092 = HD074963 = lupa 4297; CIL III 10271 = HD074964 = lupa 4298; CIL III 10272 = HD074965 = lupa 26288; CIL III 3287 = HD074771; HD073647; CIL III 3290 = HD074777; CIL III 3281 = HD074764 = lupa 4306; CIL III 3289 = HD057380; CIL III 3286 = CIL III 10262 = HD073644 = lupa 3074; CIL III 4003 = HD064411; HD073646; CIL III 4004 = HD064410; CIL III 15146 = ILJug 3106 = HD035203 = lupa 3084; HD051801; CIL III 4002 = HD052218 = lupa 22375; HD053820 = lupa 118; HD005829 = lupa 4295; HD006039 = lupa 4296; ILJug II 1067 = HD006048 = lupa 26291; HD011411 = lupa 26422; ILJug 1068 = HD011427 = lupa 26292; ILJug 3103 = HD023806 = lupa 4304; ILJug 3104 = HD027207 = lupa 3071; HD027210 = lupa 22679; ILJug 3105 = HD027213 = lupa 5741; ILJug 295 = HD033683 = lupa 4290; ILJug 295 =  HD033683 = lupa 4290; CIL III 03283 = HD057374 = lupa 4305; HD067885 = lupa 26294

Votive monuments: CIL III 10264 = HD074958; CIL III 10268 = HD074959; HD067884 = lupa 26318; CIL III 3277 = HD074411 = lupa 26315; CIL III 03274 = HD074762; CIL III 3674 = CIL III 3278 = HD074763; CIL III 13362 = HD073648 = lupa 26311; CIL III 3276 = HD073653 = lupa 26298; CIL III 3292 = CIL III 10274 = HD074778; HD067886; HD067887; HD067889; CIL III 10265 = HD072481 = lupa 11521; CIL III 3275 = CIL III 10259 = HD072487 = lupa 5263; HD049199; HD049202; HD049203 = lupa 26299; HD057009 = lupa 5690; CIL III 10263 = HD057338 = lupa 5260; ILJug 3099 = HD034951; CIL III 15142 = ILJug 3098 = HD034950 = lupa 26310; ILJug 3097 = HD034949; ILJug 1057 = HD034611 = lupa 26313; HD006042 = lupa 22719; ILJug 285 = ILJug 3092 = HD006045 = lupa  3048; HD067883 = lupa 26421; ILJug 1061 = HD006051 = lupa 26286; HD011405; HD011414 = lupa 11470; HD011417 = lupa 11475; ILJug 1063 = HD011418 = lupa 11476; HD011420 = lupa 22552; ILJug 1062 = HD011423 = lupa 5256; ILJug 1059 = HD011430 = lupa 26314; ILJug 1064 = HD011433 = lupa 5255; ILJug 1058 = HD011436 = lupa 26420; ILJug 1058 = HD011436 = lupa 26420; ILJug 1060 = ILJug 3102 = HD011439 = lupa 26312; CIL III 6451 = CIL III 10266 = HD011442 = lupa 26316; ILJug 289 = HD033681 = lupa 26317; ILJug 292 = HD033682 = lupa 4294; CIL III 15140 = ILJug 286 = ILJug 3093 = HD034946 = lupa 26284; ILJug 3095 = HD034947 = lupa 5259; ILJug 3096 = CIL III  15141; HD034948 = lupa 5687; CIL III 3291 = CIL III 10267 = HD065743;

Honorary monuments: CIL III 10269 = HD004756 = lupa 26295; CIL III 3282 = HD074765 = lupa 10981; CIL III 3279 = CIL III 10260 = HD057381; CIL III 10648 = HD064409 = lupa 26319; HD008667 = lupa 5688; ILJug 1070 = HD011402 = lupa 26290; ILJug 1065 = HD011424 = lupa 26296; ILJug 1066 = HD034612 = lupa 5685; CIL III 3288 = HD057376 = lupa 5689; HD067888; HD067890

Other monuments: ILJug 3127 = HD035010 = lupa 22678; CIL III 10647 = HD074985; CIL III 6465 = HD074885 = lupa 22332; CIL III 13363 = HD074998; CIL III 6469 = CIL III 10650 = HD074888; CIL III 3735 = HD074901; CIL III 3736 = CIL III 10649 = HD074902; HD074963; ILJug 3107 = HD034993; ILJug 3101 = CIL III 15143 = HD035202; CIL III 3280 = CIL III 10261 = HD037460 = lupa 26297; CIL III 4005 = HD064412 = lupa 22721

Literature:

http://limescroatia.eu/osijek-donji-grad/